Bilingualism in Language Development Flashcards
Who are Bilingual Children?
Receive regular input in 2 or more languages between birth and adolescence
What are the factors influencing a child’s proficiency in each language?
- SES
- Parent edu
- Home literacy
- Gender exerts
- Child’s individual styles, preferences, cognitive abilities and aptitude
What are the factors impacting language proficiency in bilinguals only?
- Age at which consistent input in 2 language begins
- Environments in which language experience occurs
- Relative social prestige and broader community support associated with each language
- Purposes for which these languages are needed
Who are simultaneous (native) bilinguals?
2 languages beginning at or shortly after birth
How is the language development of bilinguals compared to monolinguals?
- Say first word and develop core vocabulary at the same ages
- Progress through early language milestones in a timely fashion
- Use language for same communicative purpose with same degree of clarity
- Breadth of words consistent
- Attainment of later language milestones at the same age
How will the exposure be for bilinguals?
Uneven: bigger vocabulary in one of the languages, process words faster in relatively stronger language
How do bilinguals use their languages?
for diff purposes, diff interlocutors, diff comm contexts
How do bilinguals differ from monolinguals?
Score lower on standardised vocab test BUT score better on cognitive task that require conflict resolution
Who are Early Sequential Bilinguals?
Experience with L1 at birth but acquire L2 at some point in childhood
What are the trends seen in younger typically developing Early Sequential bilinguals?
- Overgeneralisation from L1: -ve transfer/interference
- Telegraphic speech: combining 2w into simple sentence
- Imitation of previous speaker’s utterances
- Avoidance or use of routine, simplified language constructions
- Silent period: listening and developing their receptive abilities for a period of months before attempting to express
Explain how Additive bilingualism can occur.
child learns L2 in formal immersion educational program and shows high levels of language and academic achievement in home language as well as language of immersion
What is Additive Bilingualism?
Both languages are valued in the environments
What is Subtractive Bilingualism?
Community language is promoted at expense of L1 due to having little social prestige
Explain how Subtractive bilingualism can occur.
L1 is a minority language in community and L2 is majority language of both educational system and broader community
How do infants discriminate language?
Phonetic repertoire, prosody, phonotactic constraints
By which age do infants rely on fine-grained prosodic cues to discriminate between 2 syllable-timed languages?
4m
By which age do infants discriminate between the frequency of phonetic categories, distribution and consonantal vs vocalic status?
8m
How does speech production vary between young bilinguals and monolinguals?
Accuracy of phonetic repertoires and phonological representations
How does the receptive vocabulary develop for bilinguals?
Children will build parallel vocab with translation equivalents from early on
Describe the behaviours of a newborn.
- Vision best at 8 inches
- Prefers light-dark contrasts, angularity, complexity, curvature
- Hearing best in frequency range of human voice; prefers human voice;
- Exhibits entrainment
- Facial Expression
Describe the behaviours of a 1w infant.
- Self imitations
- reflexive actions regarded as meaningful by caregiver
Describe the behaviours of a 2w infant.
Distinguishing of caregiver’s voice and face
Describe the behaviours of a 3w infant.
Social smile
Describe the behaviours of a 1m infant.
Short visual exchanges with caregiver; prefers human face