Big Quiz Studying Flashcards
Types of Resistance
Civil Disobedience: Individuals intentionally break laws or rules to protest injustice
Cultural Resistance: Deliberate and creative ways in which individuals or groups challenge dominant norms, ideologies, and power structures through cultural expressions
Quiet resistance: Subtle, often unobtrusive acts of defiance against oppressive systems or norms.
Types of Empathy
Cognitive Empathy: Understand another person’s mental state
Emotional Empathy: The ability to feel what someone else is feeling
Compassionate Empathy: Feeling concerned for another person’s well-being and being motivated to help or support them
Stereotypes and Myths About Indigenous Peoples
Indigenous People in Harmony with Nature
Indigenous Peoples are Migrants to North America like Europeans
Reserve Lands and Resources
“Free Ride” Myth
Free Housing
Residential Schools as being ancient history
Homogeneity : treating all indigenous peoples as the same perpetuates stereotypes
“Vanishing Indian” Myth: The assumption Indigenous cultures are disappearing
Education: that Indigenous Peoples receive free education
All Indigenous Peoples Live on Reserves
Taxation
The Four R’s by Kirkness and Barnhardt when engaging with indigenous stories
Respect: the inherent value and dignity of all people
Responsibility: Recognizing the role that non-indigenous people have in creating a more just and equitable society for all
Reciprocity: Recognizing that relationships between Indigenous and non-indigenous peoples must be based on mutual respect, understand, and benefit
Relevance: recognizing the importance of Indigenous knowledge and culture in today’s world
Indigenous Literatures vs. Oral Tradition and Traditional knowledge
-Oral traditions comprise the stories that have been told for generations, many of which are Sacred Stories
-Traditional knowledge is a wider category: it includes, for example, Indigenous architecture, medicines and herbology and Oral Traditions.
-Traditional Knowledge is for the most part not sacred but information
-We must be careful with any story that is the cultural property of Indigenous Peoples like creation stories
-Some stories belong to the communities they are from, and it is not respectful or responsible to use them for exercises in a class
7 principles when engaging with Indigenous stories
-Respect
-Reverence
-Responsibility
-Interrelatedness
-Synergy
-Reciprocity
Holism : the interrelatedness between the intellectual, spiritual, emotional and physical realms to form a whole healthy person.
Elements of Indigenous Style Principle 1
-the purpose of Indigenous style is to produce works that reflect Indigenous realities as they are perceived by Indigenous Peoples and are truthful and insightful in their Indigenous content and are respectful of the cultural integrity of Indigenous Peoples
Elements of Indigenous Style Principle 3
Indigenous Literatures and Canlit
-Indigneous literatures are their own canon and not a subgroup of Canlit. Contemporary Indigenous author’s works are an extension of Traditional Knowledge systems, Indigenous histories, histories of colonization, and contemporary realities. Contemporary Indigenous Literatures connect to and extend Traditional stories and oral traditions that have existed for centuries and millennia, and that long predate CanLit
Elements of Indigenous Style Principle 4
Recognizing Indigenous Identity
-that they re diverse, distinct cultures
-they exist as part of an ongoing continuum through the generations tracing back to ancient ancestors
-they have not been assimilated into mainstream Canadian society
-they are currently in the process of cultural reclamation and rejuvenation, marked by significant participation from Indigenous youth
-National cultural change and adaptation do not mean that Indigenous Peoples have acquiesced to mainstream Canadian society
Elements of Indigenous Style Principle 11
Inappropriate terminology
-works should avoid inappropriate terminology used in reference to Indigenous Peoples, except when specifically desiring or discussing this terminology, Referring to a proper name, or the name of institution or document, or a quote from a source
Elements of Indigenous Style Principle 13
Terms that should be capitalized like terms for Indigenous identities, Indigenous governmental, social, spiritual, and religious institution, and indigenous collective rights should be capitalized
Elements of Indigenous Style Principle 18
Inappropriate Possessives
-Indigenous Peoples are not owned by Euro colonial states. Do not say Canada’s Indigenous Peoples, our indigenous Peoples, and the Indigenous Peoples of Canada
Elements of Indigenous Style Principle 19
Reusing Cultural Material in Archives or Already in Publication
- Indigenous style recognizes that materials contained in archives, or already published in works about Indigenous Peoples, may have violated cultural Protocols. Authors and Publishers need permission before about works pertaining to Indigenous Peoples
Elements of Indigenous Style Principle 12
The names of Indigenous peoples: use the names for Indigenous Peoples that Indigenous Peoples use for themselves.
Elements of Indigenous Style Principle 22
Past tense:
Avoid the past tense in writing about Indigenous Peoples, except when referring to an activity or event that specifically and exclusively took place in the past or referring to an indigenous cultural activity act is no longer practiced
Inappropriate terminology is:
Any terms that dehumanize or devalue Indigenous Peoples or culture like artifact or barbarian
or any therm not used by Indigenous Peoples to describe themselves or their cultural practices and symbols like brave, buck, eskimo, Indian, native
Respectfully referring to Indigenous People
in Canada an Indigenous person is an individual who identifies as First Nations, Inuit, or Metis
Indigenous Peoples are the distinct societies of First Nations, Inuit, and Metis peoples in Canada
An Indigenous People is a single one of the distinct societies of First Nations, Inuit, and Metis peoples in Canada
Indigenous people refers to people who identify as First Nations, or Metis in a context where their specific identity is not an issue
When writing about an Indigenous person try not to refer to them as Indigenous persona and instead identify them by their Indigenous Nation
Respectful Cross Cultural Writing the Right way
Research and Understand
Be Empathetic
See Individuality
Seek Clarification
Admit Mistakes
Respectful Cross Cultural Writing the Wrong way
Cultural Appropriation
Stereotypes and othering
Assumptions and Generalizations
Language Barriers- be aware of language nuances
Ignoring Power Dynamics
Absolute language pitfalls
-rigidity and Inflexibility
-overgeneralization
lack of precision
conflict and polarization
unrealistic expectations
Absolute Language Alternatives
Qualifiers and Modifiers, say often or usually
Comparatives and Superlatives: using better worse more less
Hedging phrases: In my opinion
Probabilistic Language: Likely
Conditional Statements: unless
