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History - Year 11 April Assessments - Dates and Facts > Big Question 7 - How did the USA try to de-escalate the Vietnam War? > Flashcards

Big Question 7 - How did the USA try to de-escalate the Vietnam War? Flashcards

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1
Q

In which month did Nixon become president?

A

January, 1969

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2
Q

What policy did Nixon promise that would remove US troops from Vietnam?

A

Vietnamisation

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3
Q

What did Vietnamisation entail?

A

The withdrawal of US troops from Vietnam and the replacement of their positions by South Vietnamese troops, along with the continuation of US aid and air support

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4
Q

In which month did troops start returning home as a result of Vietnamisation?

A

January, 1969

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5
Q

How many US troops returned home in January, 1969?

A

543,000

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6
Q

How many US troops returned home in January, 1972?

A

156,000

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7
Q

How many US troops returned home in June, 1972?

A

47,000

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8
Q

By how much did the AVRN (South Vietnamese army) increase in size from 1968 - 1970?

A

1968 - 82,000

1970 - 1,000,000

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9
Q

What North Vietnamese offensive failed as a result of the AVRN’s new structure, size, and equipment?

A

The Spring (Easter) Offensive

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10
Q

On what date was the Spring Offensive?

A

30th March, 1972

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11
Q

How many casualties did the North Vietnamese suffer in the Spring Offensive?

A

40,000

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12
Q

How many casualties did the South Vietnamese suffer in the Spring Offensive?

A

8000

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13
Q

How many tons of bombs were dropped on North Vietnam during Operation Linebacker 1?

A

150,000 tons

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14
Q

Why was morale still very low in AVRN forces?

A

Casualty rates were much higher than they has been with US troops

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15
Q

Why was the AVRN’s structure still flawed?

A

The military, along with the leader of South Vietnam (Thieu), were very corrupt and officers were not chosen on there military ability

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16
Q

In which month was the AVRN beaten by the NVA (North Vietnamese Army) in Laos?

A

February, 1971

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17
Q

How many soviet tanks did the North Vietnamese use as part of the Spring (Easter) Offensive?

A

100

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18
Q

What new technology was first used during Operation Linebacker?

A

Laser-guided bombs

19
Q

Where was Operation Linebacker met with great resistance?

A

The USA

20
Q

In what year did Nixon begin SALT talks with the USSR?

A

1970

21
Q

What does SALT stand for?

A

Strategic Arms Limitation Talks

22
Q

What did the SALT talks aim to achieve?

A

The reduction of each country’s nuclear capabilities

23
Q

What did President Nixon use SALT talks to ask Moscow in relation to Vietnam?

A

He requested they lobby North Vietnam to end the war

24
Q

In which month did Kissinger visit Beijing?

A

July, 1971

25
Q

In which month was Nixon invited to China?

A

February, 1972

26
Q

As part of what operation did the USA invade Cambodia?

A

Operation Menu

27
Q

In which month was Operation Menu?

A

March, 1969

28
Q

Why did the USA invade Cambodia?

A

To severe VC supply lines, combat the growing communist Khmer Rouge, and pressure North Vietnam to end the war

29
Q

What did Operation Menu instead cause?

A

North Vietnam was pushed away from peace talks

30
Q

How many troops did the USA commit to fighting the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia?

A

20,000

31
Q

Why were many in the USA outraged at the invasion of Cambodia?

A

Nixon had promised to deescalate the war and he had instead widened it

32
Q

As part of what operation was the invasion of Laos?

A

Operation Lam Son 719

33
Q

How many AVRN troops were deployed during Operation Lam Son 719?

A

30,000

34
Q

In which month came the first significant attempt at peace talks in Paris?

A

May, 1968

35
Q

When did LBJ agree to suspend all bombing over North Vietnamese territory?

A

October, 1968

36
Q

In which month did the Paris Peace Talks begin?

A

January, 1969

37
Q

What dispute initially hampered peace talks?

A

The North Vietnamese government refused to officially recognise the South Vietnamese government which the USA said they must do before any troops were withdrawn

38
Q

Which American diplomat began separate talks with North Vietnamese officials?

A

Henry Kissinger

39
Q

Who did Henry Kissinger meet with?

A

Le Duc Tho

40
Q

When did the separate talks between Kissinger and Le Duc Tho make any breakthrough?

A

October, 1972

41
Q

What did Le Duc Tho suggest to Henry Kissinger in 1972?

A

North Vietnam was willing to recognise the south as long as they held free and fair elections, including a communist party

42
Q

In what month was a peace treaty first drafted?

A

October, 1972

43
Q

In what month did Nixon order an end to all bombing in Vietnam?

A

January, 1973

44
Q

On what date were the Paris Peace Accords formally signed?

A

27th January, 1973

History - Year 11 April Assessments - Dates and Facts (8 decks)

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