Big Idea 2 - Data

Question 1

Abstraction

Answer 1

The process of simplifying complex systems by focusing on the essential details and hiding unnecessary complexities.

Question 2

Analog Data

Answer 2

Refers to continuous, real-world information that is represented by a range of values. It can take on any value within a given range and is often used to describe physical quantities like temperature or sound.

Question 3

Binary Numbers

Answer 3

A base-2 number system that uses only two digits, 0 and 1, to represent all values. Each digit in a binary number is called a bit.

Question 4

Byte

Answer 4

A unit of digital information that consists of 8 bits. It can represent a single character or a small amount of numerical data.

Question 5

Cleaning Data

Answer 5

The process of identifying and correcting or removing errors, inconsistencies, and inaccuracies in a dataset. It involves tasks like removing duplicate entries, handling missing values, and standardizing formats to ensure data quality.

Question 6

Data Compression

Answer 6

The process of reducing the size of data files while maintaining as much information as possible. This allows for more efficient storage and transmission of data.

Question 7

Data Filtering

Answer 7

The process of selectively extracting or removing specific pieces of data from a larger dataset based on certain criteria or conditions. It allows you to focus on relevant information while excluding irrelevant or unwanted data.

Question 8

Data Transformation

Answer 8

Refers to the process of converting data from one format or structure to another. It involves modifying, reorganizing, or manipulating data to make it more suitable for analysis or other purposes.

Question 9

Digital Data

Answer 9

Refers to information that is represented using discrete, binary values (0s and 1s). It is commonly used in computers and other digital devices because it can be easily stored, processed, and transmitted.

Question 10

Hexadecimal

Answer 10

A number system that uses base-16 instead of base-10. It uses digits from 0 to 9 and letters from A to F to represent values from 0 to 15.

Question 11

Lossless Compression Algorithms

Answer 11

Methods used to compress data files without losing any information. The compressed file can be fully restored to its original form without any loss of data.

Question 12

Lossy Compression Algorithms

Answer 12

Methods used to reduce the size of a file by permanently removing some data. These algorithms achieve high compression rates but result in a loss of quality or detail in the compressed file.

Question 13

Metadata

Answer 13

Refers to descriptive information about data, such as its format, location, authorship, and creation date. It provides context and additional details that help organize and manage data effectively.

Question 14

Overflow Error

Answer 14

Occurs when a computer program or system tries to store a value that is too large to be represented within the available memory or data type. This can lead to unexpected and incorrect results.

Question 15

Rounding Error

Answer 15

Occurs when a number is approximated or rounded to a certain decimal place, resulting in a small discrepancy between the rounded value and the actual value.

Question 16

ASCII code

Answer 16

Stands for American Standard Code for Information Interchange. It is a character encoding standard that assigns unique numeric values to represent characters such as letters, numbers, and symbols in computer systems.

Question 17

Data

Answer 17

Refers to information that is collected, stored, and processed by computers. It can be in the form of numbers, text, images, or any other type of digital content.

Question 18

Constant Value

Answer 18

A fixed value that does not change during the execution of a program.

Question 19

Lists

Answer 19

Lists are ordered collections of items in computer programming. They allow you to store multiple values under one variable name and access them using their position or index.

Question 20

Machine Code

Answer 20

A low-level programming language that consists of binary instructions directly understood by the computer’s hardware. It represents the most basic level of instructions that a computer can execute.

Question 21

Number Bases

Answer 21

Also known as numeral systems, are methods of representing numbers using a specific set of symbols or digits. Each digit in a number represents a multiple of the base raised to a power.

Question 22

Rounding Errors

Answer 22

Inaccuracies that occur when representing real numbers with finite precision. These errors happen because some numbers cannot be precisely represented using binary floating-point representation.

Question 23

Unicode system

Answer 23

An international character encoding standard that assigns unique numeric values to represent characters from various languages and scripts around the world. It allows computers to handle text in multiple languages more effectively than previous standards like ASCII.

Question 24

Variables

Answer 24

Containers that hold values or data in a computer program. They can store different types of information such as numbers, text, or boolean values.

Question 25

Bits

Answer 25

The basic units of information in computing. They can represent either a 0 or a 1, and they are used to store and transmit data in binary form.

Question 26

Lossless data compression

Answer 26

A method of reducing file size without losing any information. It allows for perfect reconstruction of the original data.

Question 27

Lossy data compression

Answer 27

A method of reducing file size by removing unnecessary or less important information. Unlike lossless compression, some data may be permanently lost during this process.

Question 28

LZW compression algorithm

Answer 28

A lossless data compression method that replaces repeated sequences of characters with shorter codes. It is commonly used in file formats like GIF and TIFF.

Question 29

Redundancy

Answer 29

Refers to the duplication of critical components or information in a system to ensure reliability and fault tolerance. It involves having backup systems or data that can be used if the primary ones fail.

Question 30

Run-Length Encoding

Answer 30

A simple form of data compression that replaces repeated consecutive characters or symbols with a count and the character itself. It reduces the size of data by representing long sequences of the same value with shorter codes.

Question 31

Big Data

Answer 31

Refers to extremely large and complex sets of data that cannot be easily managed or analyzed using traditional methods.

Question 32

Correlation

Answer 32

Refers to a statistical measure that indicates the extent to which two variables are related or move together in a consistent way.

Question 33

Data Biases

Answer 33

Refer to systematic errors or prejudices present in a dataset that can lead to inaccurate or unfair conclusions when analyzing the data.

Question 34

Data Centers

Answer 34

Large facilities that house computer systems and network infrastructure, used to store, manage, and process vast amounts of data.

Question 35

Scalability

Answer 35

Refers to the ability of a system or network to handle an increasing amount of work or users without sacrificing performance or efficiency.

Question 36

Server Farms

Answer 36

Large collections of interconnected servers housed in dedicated facilities designed for hosting websites, applications, or providing other computing services.

Question 37

Correlations

Answer 37

Refer to the statistical relationship between two or more variables. It measures how closely these variables are related to each other, ranging from -1 (perfect negative correlation) to 1 (perfect positive correlation).

Question 38

Data mining

Answer 38

Involves extracting useful patterns or knowledge from large datasets using techniques such as statistical analysis, machine learning, and pattern recognition.

Question 39

Data Visualization

Answer 39

The process of representing data in a visual format, such as charts, graphs, or maps, to make it easier to understand and analyze.

Question 40

Google Sheets

Answer 40

A web-based spreadsheet program offered by Google as part of its suite of productivity tools. It allows multiple users to collaborate on the same spreadsheet simultaneously, providing real-time updates and cloud storage.

Question 41

Iterative and Interactive Process

Answer 41

Refers to a method of problem-solving or development where the steps are repeated multiple times, with each repetition building upon the previous one. It involves constant feedback and collaboration between the user and the system.

Question 42

Microsoft Excel

Answer 42

A spreadsheet program that allows users to organize, analyze, and manipulate data using formulas, functions, and charts.

Question 43

Outliers

Answer 43

Data points that significantly deviate from the overall pattern or trend of a dataset. They can skew statistical analyses and affect the accuracy of results.

Question 44

Patterns

Answer 44

Refer to recurring solutions or designs that can be applied to solve similar problems. They provide a structured approach for solving problems efficiently by reusing proven methods.

Question 45

Spreadsheet Program

Answer 45

Software that allows users to organize, analyze, and manipulate numerical data in rows and columns. It provides functions for calculations, graphing capabilities, and tools for creating charts or tables.

Question 46

Text Analysis

Answer 46

Refers to the process of extracting meaningful information from written text by analyzing its content, structure, and context.

Question 47

Text Mining

Answer 47

Involves extracting useful patterns or knowledge from large amounts of unstructured textual data using techniques such as natural language processing and machine learning.

Question 48

Trends

Answer 48

Patterns that show changes over time. In computer science, analyzing trends can help identify patterns in data or predict future behavior.