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Radiation Theraphy > Big C > Flashcards

Big C Flashcards

1
Q

Can originate almost anywhere in the body

A

Cancer

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2
Q

The most common types of cancer, arise from the cells that cover external and internal body surfaces.

A

Carcinomas

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3
Q

Lung, breast and colon are the most frequent cancers of this type in the US.

A

Carcinomas

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4
Q

Found in the supporting tissues of the body such as bone, cartilage, fat, connective tissue and muscle.

A

Sarcomas

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5
Q

Arise in the lymph nodes and tissues of the body’s immune system.

A

Lymphomas

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6
Q

Cancers of the immature blood cells that grow in the bone marrow and tend to accumulate large numbers in the bloodstream.

A

Leukemia

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7
Q

Can result from uncontrolled cell growth or loss of a cell’s ability to undergo cell suicide by a process called

A

Apoptosis or Cell suicide

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8
Q

Old or damged cells normally self-destruct

A

Apoptosis or Cell suicide

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9
Q

The thin outermost layer of normal skin and is roughly a dozen cells thick.

A

Epidermis

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10
Q

Divide just fast enough to replenish cells that are continually being shed from the surface of the skin.

A

Basal cells

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11
Q

Increase in the number of dividing cells creates a growing mass of tissue

A

Tumor or neoplasm

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12
Q

Cancers are capable of spreading throughout the body by 2 mechanism:

A
  1. Invasion

3. Metastasis

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13
Q

The direct migration and penetration bu cancer cells into neighboring tissues.

A

Invasion

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14
Q

The ability of cancer cells to penetrate into lymphatic and blood vessels, circulate through the bloodstream and then invade normal tissues elsewhere in the body.

A

Metastasis

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15
Q

• Tumor cells grow only locally and cannot spread by invasion or metastasis.

A

Benign

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16
Q
  • Cells invade neighboring tissues, enter blood vessels, and metastasize to different sites.
  • Capable of spreading by invasion and metastasis.
A

Malignant (cancer)

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17
Q

Increases a person’s chance of getting a disease

A

Risk factors

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18
Q

Risks factors of cancer:

A 
• personal profile
   - age, sex, fam. med history 
• environment
   - exposure to radiation 
• lifestyle choices
   - tobacco, alcohol, diet, sun exposure
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19
Q

When cells in a part of the body begin to grow out of control

A

Cancer

20
Q

The main cause of lung cancer and to contributes to many other kinds of cancer (mouth, larynx, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, kidney and bladder)

A

Cigarette smoking

21
Q

Breast cancer risk factors:

A

Age; changes in hormone levels
Obesity
Physical activity
Alcohol consumption

22
Q

Prostate cancer are related to

A

Age
Race
Diet
History

23
Q

Felt or noticed by a person (you can feel it by yourself)

A

Symptoms

24
Q

Observations made by a doctor, nurse

A

Sign

25
Q

Cancer signs and symptoms will depend on

A

Size of the cancer
Location of the cancer
How much it affects the structures

26
Q

The process if finding out how dar the cancer has spread

A

Staging

27
Q

A vital step in determining the treatment choices

A

Staging the cancer

28
Q

The system most often used

A

TNM system

29
Q

A period of time when the cancer is responding to treatment or is under control

A

Remission

30
Q

All the signs and symptoms of the disease disappear

A

Complete remission

31
Q

Cancer shrinks but does not completely disappear

A

Partial remission

32
Q

Can last anywherr from several weeks to many years

A

Remission

33
Q

May continue for years and be considered cured

A

Complete remissions

34
Q

Rad thera can be used in combination with other treatments such as

A 
Surgery 
Chemotherapy 
Biologic therapies
Hormone therapies
Transplant options
Photodynamic therapy
35
Q

Treatment will depend on

A 
Type of cancer
Stage of cancer
Age
Health status
Patient's personal preferences
36
Q

To control it or treat symptoms

A

Palliative

37
Q

To cure cancer

A

Curative

38
Q

Used to treat cancer cells that have metastasized (spread)

In general, works by interrupting cell growth and division

A

Chemotherapy

39
Q

Chemotherapy administered in a variety of ways such as

A 
Oral
Intravenous 
Intramuscular 
Intrathecal
Intraperitoneal
40
Q

Mostly administered in 1-3 days cycle that are repeated every 4 wks, for a period of 3-9 months

A

Chemotherapy

41
Q

Uses the body’s immune system to fighth cancer or to lessen the side effects of some cancer treatments.

A

Biologic therapy

42
Q

Biologic therapy sometimes called

A

Immunotherapy

Biotherapy

Or Biological response modifier therapy

43
Q

Chemicals that are naturally produced by the organs making uo the body’s endocrine system

A

Hormones

44
Q

There are few ways in which this can be achieved (cancers are fueled by hormones)

A

Block the hormones from acting
Prevent the body from producing the hormone
Eliminate the hormone receptors on cells

45
Q

Uses a light source such as a laser combined with a light sensitive drug (photosensitising agent) to destroy cancer cells

A

Photodynamic therapy (PDT)

46
Q

Makes cells more responsive to light

Can damage the blood supply to the tumor preventing the cancer from growing

A

Light sensitive drug

47
Q

May trigger the immune system to attack the cancer cells

A

PDT

Radiation Theraphy (6 decks)

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