Biases

Question 1

Why is it important to be aware of
cognitive bias?

Answer 1

*EVERYONE has them. Your clinical faculty
have them, I have them, and you do too.

Question 2

What should we do to prevent
cognitive bias?
(3)

Answer 2

*Always question assumptions
*Keep an open mind
*Always question the evidence

Question 3

• Logical fallacy:

Answer 3

an error in logical argumentation (e.g. ad
hominem attacks, slippery slopes, circular arguments, appeal
to force, etc.).
ortant biases to keep in mind.

Question 4

• Cognitive bias:

Answer 4

a genuine deficiency or limitation in our
thinking — a flaw in judgment that arises from errors of
memory, social attribution, and miscalculations (such as
statistical errors or a false sense of probability).

Question 5

Think about it…We some social psychologists believe our
cognitive biases help us process information more
efficiently, especially in dangerous situations. Still, they
lead us to

Answer 5

make grave mistakes. We may be prone to such
errors in judgment, but at least we can be aware of them.

Question 6

• Bandwagon Effect:

Answer 6

The tendency to do (or believe)things
because many other people do (or believe) the same.
Related to herd instinct

Question 7

• Confirmation Bias:

Answer 7

Looking for and valuing information that
confirms what we believe. Misleads us about what is true.

Question 8

• Gamblers Fallacy:

Answer 8

Putting a tremendous amount of weight
on previous events

Question 9

• Interviewer Bias:

Answer 9

The distortion of response to an interview
which results from differential reactions to the style and
personality of the interviewer or to their presentation of
questions

Question 10

• Normalcy Bias:

Answer 10

The refusal to plan for, or react to, a disaster
which has never happened before

Question 11

• Measurement Bias (systematic error):

Answer 11

Systematically
overstating or understating the true value of a measurement

Question 12

• Negativity Bias: oups

Answer 12

Paying more attention to negative news or
perceiving it to be more important

Question 13

• Normalcy Bias:

Answer 13

The refusal to plan for, or react to, a disaster
which has never happened before-like a fire or flood. And it
is not rationale. We all have cognitive biases, it is just in our
human nature, and the purpose of this course is to help give
you strategies to work against our natural inclination to fall
into decision making traps.

Question 14

• Observation Selection Bias:

Answer 14

Suddenly noticing things that
you did not notice before and wrongly assuming the
frequency has increased

Question 15

• Performance Bias:

Answer 15

When one group of subjects gets more
attention than another group which results in differences
between groups

Question 16

• Positive Expectation Bias:

Answer 16

A sense that our luck has to
eventually change

Question 17

• Publication Bias:

Answer 17

When the outcome of a study influences
the decision whether to publish it

Question 18

• Question Order:

Answer 18

Inadvertently influencing responses due to
the order questions are asked

Question 19

• Recall Bias:

Answer 19

Participants to not remember previous events
or experiences accurately

Question 20

• Respondent Fatigue Bias:

Answer 20

A phenomenon that occurs when
survey participants become tired which results in the quality
of data deteriorating

Question 21

• Response Bias (survey bias):

Answer 21

A tendency for participants to
answer questions untruthfully or inaccurately

Question 22

• Sampling/Selection Bias:

Answer 22

Sample obtained is not reflective
of the target population

Question 23

• Sponsor Bias (funding bias):

Answer 23

Study outcomes that support
the interests of the study’s financial sponsor

Question 24

• Status Quo Bias:

Answer 24

Making choices that guarantee things
remain the same or change as little as possible

Question 25

• Verification Bias:

Answer 25

Outcomes more likely to be found in
treatment group due to investigators knowing which person
is in experimental and control groups