Biases Flashcards
Why is it important to be aware of
cognitive bias?
*EVERYONE has them. Your clinical faculty
have them, I have them, and you do too.
What should we do to prevent
cognitive bias?
(3)
*Always question assumptions
*Keep an open mind
*Always question the evidence
- Logical fallacy:
an error in logical argumentation (e.g. ad
hominem attacks, slippery slopes, circular arguments, appeal
to force, etc.).
ortant biases to keep in mind.
- Cognitive bias:
a genuine deficiency or limitation in our
thinking — a flaw in judgment that arises from errors of
memory, social attribution, and miscalculations (such as
statistical errors or a false sense of probability).
Think about it…We some social psychologists believe our
cognitive biases help us process information more
efficiently, especially in dangerous situations. Still, they
lead us to
make grave mistakes. We may be prone to such
errors in judgment, but at least we can be aware of them.
- Bandwagon Effect:
The tendency to do (or believe)things
because many other people do (or believe) the same.
Related to herd instinct
- Confirmation Bias:
Looking for and valuing information that
confirms what we believe. Misleads us about what is true.
- Gamblers Fallacy:
Putting a tremendous amount of weight
on previous events
- Interviewer Bias:
The distortion of response to an interview
which results from differential reactions to the style and
personality of the interviewer or to their presentation of
questions
- Normalcy Bias:
The refusal to plan for, or react to, a disaster
which has never happened before
- Measurement Bias (systematic error):
Systematically
overstating or understating the true value of a measurement
- Negativity Bias: oups
Paying more attention to negative news or
perceiving it to be more important
- Normalcy Bias:
The refusal to plan for, or react to, a disaster
which has never happened before-like a fire or flood. And it
is not rationale. We all have cognitive biases, it is just in our
human nature, and the purpose of this course is to help give
you strategies to work against our natural inclination to fall
into decision making traps.
- Observation Selection Bias:
Suddenly noticing things that
you did not notice before and wrongly assuming the
frequency has increased
- Performance Bias:
When one group of subjects gets more
attention than another group which results in differences
between groups
- Positive Expectation Bias:
A sense that our luck has to
eventually change
- Publication Bias:
When the outcome of a study influences
the decision whether to publish it
- Question Order:
Inadvertently influencing responses due to
the order questions are asked
- Recall Bias:
Participants to not remember previous events
or experiences accurately
- Respondent Fatigue Bias:
A phenomenon that occurs when
survey participants become tired which results in the quality
of data deteriorating
- Response Bias (survey bias):
A tendency for participants to
answer questions untruthfully or inaccurately
- Sampling/Selection Bias:
Sample obtained is not reflective
of the target population
- Sponsor Bias (funding bias):
Study outcomes that support
the interests of the study’s financial sponsor
- Status Quo Bias:
Making choices that guarantee things
remain the same or change as little as possible
- Verification Bias:
Outcomes more likely to be found in
treatment group due to investigators knowing which person
is in experimental and control groups
