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Arista - Spine/Leaf > BGP-EVPN > Flashcards

BGP-EVPN Flashcards

1
Q

What is BGP?

A

Border gateway protocol

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2
Q

What is EVPN?

A

Ethernet VPN (EVPN) is a standards-based BGP control plane to advertise MAC addresses, MAC and IP bindings and IP Prefixes.

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3
Q

What are the three main functions of EVPN?

A

1) Advertise MAC addresses
2) MAC and IP bindings
3) IP prefixes

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4
Q

What is the main reason to use EVPN?

A

Controls/minimizes mac/ip address flooding which scales best in a network with multiple leaf routers.

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5
Q

In BGP, what is an RD (route distinguisher)?

A

It identifies routes belong to a VRF.

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6
Q

In BGP, what is a RT (route target)?

A

It defines which prefixes are imported and exported between bgp peers.

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7
Q

What is VXLAN?

A

It is a layer 2 in a layer 3 overlay tunnel. It’s an ethernet/IP and UDP tunnel using udp port 4789.

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8
Q

What are two ways VXLAN utilizes mac/ip learning?

A

1) flood and learn
2) bgp evpn

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9
Q

In BGP, what is an address family?

A

Allows multi-protcol (MP-BGP) behavior to be defined over a single BGP peering. It carries this information to its’ peers.

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10
Q

What are examples of address families?

A

1) IPv4 unicast and multicast
2) IPv6 unicast and multicast
3) VPNv4
4) CLNP (connection-less network protocol)

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11
Q

What information is carried in the EVPN address family?

A

1) Host MAC
2) Host IP
3) Network
4) VRF
5) VTEP

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12
Q

What is the purpose of the underlay network?

A

It provides reachability information to reach the VTEP (routing).

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13
Q

What is the purpose of the overlay network?

A

It distributes end host information (mac/ip) - which vtep is the end host behind.

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14
Q

What is the advantage of using EVPN BGP over data plane/control plane learning?

A

It supports integrated routing and bridging.

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15
Q

True or false: VNIs can be used as layer 3 and layer 2.

A

True

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16
Q

What is a layer 2 VNI?

A

Used for bridging, and used for the same LAN segment.

17
Q

What is a layer 3 VNI?

A

Used for routing when traffic has to leave a layer 2 VNI.

18
Q

In BGP EVPN, what is IRB (integrated routing and bridging)?

A

This allows VTEPS in a VXLAN network to foward both layer 2 and layer 3 traffic.

19
Q

True or false: In BGP EVPN, traffic between different subnets are forwarded through the VXLAN gateways.

A

True

20
Q

What are two types of IRB (integrated routing and bridging)?

A

1) Assymmetric
2) Symmetric

21
Q

What is required to enable vxlan bridging and routing?

A

Configuring a VTI (virtual tunnel interface), such as the configuration command: interface vxlan1

22
Q

What is Direct VXLAN Routing?

A

Direct VXLAN routing with VXLAN enabled addresses this issue by configuring each VTEP with all VLANs. This allows packets to be VXLAN-bridged to a local VTEP and routed to remote VTEPs.

23
Q

What are the 3 main evpn route types?

A

1) Route type 2 - MAC to IP mapping to end hosts. L2
2) Route type 3 - Needs to receive BUM traffic from a VNI
3) Route type 5 - VRF to IP prefix. L3

24
Q

What is symmetric IRB (integrated routing and bridging)?

A

1) Both local and remote vteps perform routing.
2) Routing is over a layer 3 VNI.
3) Bridging only happens on the vlan between the vtep and tenant.

25
Q

What is asymmetric IRB (integrated routing and bridging)?

A

1) Only ingress vtep performs routing.
2) Once routing is performed, packets are bridged over a layer 2 VNI to the remote vtep.
3) The remote vtep deencapsulates the packets, and they are bridge to the final destination.

26
Q

What is a BGP community?

A

A BGP community is an optional, transitive BGP attribute that is recognized and passed to other BGP peers. You might see a BGP community as a tag attached to the BGP routes exchanged between two BGP peers.

27
Q

True or false: EVPN is considered the control plane.

A

True

28
Q

True or false: Vxlan is considered the data plane.

A

True

29
Q

What are the 2 VRFs used in BGP-EVPN?

A

1) IP VRF
2) MAC VRF

30
Q

How is IP VRF used?

A

To build L3 overlay networks.

31
Q

How is MAC VRF used?

A

Signifies a broadcase domain, used to build L2 overlay networks.

32
Q

What are the two types of VNIs?

A

1) Layer 2 VNI
2) Layer 3 VNI

33
Q

What are layer 2 VNIs used for?

A

L2VNI is used to create MAC-VRF

34
Q

What are layer 3 VNIs used for?

A

L3 VNI used for IP-VRF sometimes we call it Tenant-VRF

Arista - Spine/Leaf (6 decks)

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