Beta Oxidation Flashcards
What is the end-goal of Fatty Acid Oxidation?
Break Fatty Acids down into Acetyl CoA to form Ketones & other Metabolic Fuel.
The size of the Fatty Acid you are breaking down determines what?
Where it is oxidized.
What are the 3 different Fatty Acid Sizes?
How many carbons do Short/Medium Chain Fatty Acids Have?
2-12 Carbons
How many carbons do Long Chain Fatty Acids Have?
14-20 Carbons
How many carbons do Very Long Chain Fatty Acids Have?
> 20 Carbons
Where/how does the location of Beta-Oxidation of short/medium chain fatty acids occur?
Diffuse Freely into Mitochondria
Where/how does the location of Beta-Oxidation of long chain fatty acids occur?
Must use Carnitine Transport into Mitochondria.
Where/how does the location of Beta-Oxidation of very long chain fatty acids occur?
Must be oxidized in a peroxisome
Carnitine Transport can be thought of as what with regard to Beta Oxidation?
Carnitine Transport is the precursor to beta-oxidation. (precedes it)
Before Beta Oxidation occurs, where does the Fatty Acid originate from?
Cytoplasm
What is the 1st step of Carnitine Transport?
Fatty Acid is converted into Fatty Acyl-CoA
What enzyme catalyzes a Fatty Acid into Fatty Acyle-CoA?
Fatty Acyl CoA Synthetase
How does a Fatty Acid make it’s way into the mitochondrial membrane?
It can’t cross until it is converted into Fatty Acyle-CoA which is permeable to the mitochondrial membrane (diffusion).
How does a Fatty Acid make it’s way into the mitochondrial membrane?
It can’t cross until it is converted into Fatty Acyle-CoA which is permeable to the mitochondrial membrane (diffusion).
What is the 2nd step of Carnitine Transport?
Fatty Acyl-CoA is converted into Fatty Acyl-Carnitine
What enzyme catalyzes a Fatty Acyl-CoA into Fatty Acyl-Carnitine?
Carnitine Acyltransferase-1 (“CAT-1”)
Once the Carnitine is attached to the Fatty Acyl, what is then allowed to happen?
It is allowed to enter the mitochondria.
What inhibits the Fatty Acyl-Carnitine from being catalyzed and why?
Presence of Malonyl CoA in mitochondria will inhibit b/c Malonyl CoA is a product of Fatty Acid Synthesis which will inhibit fatty acid breakdown.
After Fatty Acyl-Carnitine enters the mitochondria, what is the 3rd step of Carnitine Transport?
Fatty Acyl-Carnitine is converted into Fatty-Acyl-CoA + Carnitine
What enzyme catalyzes Fatty Acyl-Carnitine into Fatty Acyl-CoA + Carnitine?
Carnitine Acyltransferase-2 (“CAT-2”)
CAT-1 Occurs where?
Mitochondrial Membrane
CAT-2 Occurs where?
Mitochondria
The Carnitine Shuttle System of Beta Oxidation is basically converting Fatty Acid into what?
Fatty Acyl-CoA & moving it into the mitochondria.
