Beta-lactam Flashcards
To be familiar with drug properties, pharmacokinetics/dynamics, antagonism, drug resistance, dose regimens, rate of each group and routes, efficacy and safety
Beta lactam spectrum
Gram + / Board: ampi amox
Augmented penicillin
Amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid
Beta lactamase resistant penicillins
Cloxacillin, oxacillin, methicillin
Penicillin group characteristics
High antibacterial activity/ low toxicity/ relatively cheap
Absorption of penicillins
oral (Penicillin G : SC IV IM)
Distribution of Penicillin
EFC, body fluid, placenta (🚫 Abscess, bone, eye, CSF, milk)
Excretion of Penicillin
renal (plasma protein binding)
beta-lactame group Includes
Penicillin and Cephalosporin
Penicillin includes
group G: Penicillin G and penicillin V…..group A: Ampicillin and Amoxicillin…..group M: methicillin, oxacillin, cloxacillin, floxacillin
Penicillin group G: Penicillin G and V
high antibacterial activity with Gram +ve. inactivated by penicillase.
Penicillin group A: Amoxicillin and Ampicillin
Gram +ve and Gram -ve (Hps, E.coli, Pseudononos mirabilis). inactivated by penicillase.
Penicillin group A: Amoxicillin and Ampicillin
Gram +ve and Gram -ve (Hps, E.coli, Pseudononos mirabilis). inactivated by penicillase.
Group M penicillin: methicillin, oxacillin, cloxacillin, floxacillin
Gram + and -ve. Resist to Penicillase.
Indications of penicillin
Anthrax by Bacillus anthracis. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathie. Pm, mastitis, dermatitis by Stap. Streps. Leptospira. Corynebacterium (pneumonia,cervitis, arthritis,mastitis). Listeria. Ampi for salmonellosis in poultry. Amox dogs and cats.
compatible of penicillin
aminoglycoside (streptomycin, gentamicin) -》 Listeria. Cephalosporin -》 Pseudomonas.
imcompatible of Penicillin
tetracycline, macrolide (Bacteriostatic)
Cephalosporin
Absorbed through GIT. Cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, cefepime can go to the brain.
