Beta-Agonists

Question 1

Salmeterol

Answer 1

Sympathomimetic, Adrenergic, β2-agonist
Serevent Diskus (β2)-DPI
LABA
Onset: 20 min; Peak: 3-5 hrs; Duration: 12 hours

Question 2

Albuterol (5)

Answer 2

Sympathomimetic, Adrenergic, β2-agonist, Saligenin
Proventil, Proair, Accuneb, VoSpire ER (β2) - SVN, MDI, TAB, Syrup
SABA
(VoSpire ER = extended release)
Onset: 15 min; Peak: 30-60 min; Duration 5-8 hrs

Question 3

Arformoterol

Answer 3

Sympathomimetic, Adrenergic, β2-agonist
Brovana (β2) - SVN
LABA
Onset: 15 min; Peak: 30-60 min; Duration: 12 hr

Question 4

Isoetharine

Answer 4

Sympathomimetic, Adrenerguc, β2 agonist, Catecholamine

Bronkosol (β2)

Question 5

Pirbuterol

Answer 5

Sympathomimetic, Adrenergic, β2-agonist
Maxair Autohaler (β2) - MDI
SABA
Onset: 5 min; Peak: 30 min; Duration 5 hr

Question 6

Metaproteranol

Answer 6

Sympathomimetic, Adrenergic, β2-agonist, Resorcinol
Alupent (β2) - SVN, TAB, Syrup
SABA
Onset: 1-5 min; Peak: 60 min; Duration 2-6 hr

Question 7

Racemic Epinephrine

Answer 7

Sympathomimetic, Adrenergic, β2-agonist, Catecholamine
Micronefrin (α, β) - SVN
Ultra SABA
Onset: 3-5 min; Peak: 5-20 min; Duration: 0.5-2 hr

Question 8

Isoproterenol

Answer 8

Sympathomimetic, Adrenergic, β2-agonist, Catecholamine
Isuprel (β1 & β2)
Not available through nebulizer solution, available parenterally

Question 9

Vilanterol

Answer 9

Sympathomimetic, Adrenergic, β2-agonist
LABA
Only approved in the U.S. in combination w/ fluticasone furoate as BREO ELLIPTA

Question 10

Indacaterol

Answer 10

Sympathomimetic, Adrenergic, β2-agonist
Arcapta Neohaler
LABA

Question 11

Epinephrine

Answer 11

Sympathomimetic, Adrenergic, β2-agonist, Catecholamine
Adrenaline chloride, Primatene Mist (α, β) - SVN, MDI
Ultra SABA
Onset: 3-5 min; Peak: 5-20 min; Duration: 1-3 hr

Question 12

Fomoterol (3)

Answer 12

Sympathomimetic, Adrenergic, β2-agonist
Foradil, Centihaler, Perforomist (β2) - SVN, DPI
LABA
Onset: 15 min; Peak: 30-60 min; Duration: 12 hr

Question 13

Bitolterol

Answer 13

Sympathomimetic, Adrenergic, β2-agonist
Tornalate
Removed from the market
Prodrug

Question 14

Levalbuterol

Answer 14

Sympathomimetic, Adrenergic, β2-agonist
Xopenex (β2) - SVN, MDI
SABA
Only has the (R)-isomer
Onset: 15 min; Peak: 30-60 min; Duration: 5-8 hr

Question 15

KT: Adrenergic Bronchodilator

Answer 15

agent that stimulates sympathetic nervous fibers, which allow relaxation of smooth muscle in the airway. aka sympathomimetic bronchodilator or β2-agonist

Question 16

KT: α-receptor stimulation

Answer 16

causes vasoconstriction and vasopressor effect; in the upper airway, this can provide decongestion

Question 17

KT: asthma paradox

Answer 17

the increasing incidence of asthma morbidity, and esp. asthma mortality, despite advances in the understanding of asthma and availability of improved drugs to treat asthma

Question 18

KT: β1-receptor stimulation

Answer 18

causes increased myocardial conductivity and increased heart rate as well as increased contractile force

Question 19

KT: β2-receptor stimulation

Answer 19

causes relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle, with some inhibition of inflammatory mediator release and stimulation of mucociliary clearance

Question 20

KT: bronchospasm

Answer 20

narrowing of the bronchial airways, caused by contraction of smooth muscle

Question 21

KT: catecholamines

Answer 21

group of similar compounds having sympathomimetic action, they mimic the actions of epinephrines

Question 22

KT: downregulation

Answer 22

nucleotide produced by long-term desensitization of β receptors to β2-agonists, caused by a reduction in the number of β receptors

Question 23

KT: prodrug

Answer 23

drug that exhibits its pharmacologic activity when it is converted, inside the body, to its active form

Question 24

KT: sympathomimetic

Answer 24

producing effects similar to those of the sympathetic nervous system

Question 25

β-adrenergic can effect V/Q ratio

Answer 25

Leads to a decreased PaO2 and increase in PaCO2