Benzodiazepines

Question 1

Examples of benzodiazepines?

Answer 1

Diazepam (valium), oxazepam and clonezepam

Question 2

What is main indication of benzodiazepines?

Answer 2

Short term (2-4 weeks) management of anxiety

Question 3

Mechanism of action for benzodiazepines?

Answer 3

• Positive allosteric modulators of GABAa receptors in CNS.
• Benzodiazepines will increase Cl- entering neurones causing membrane hyperpolarisation.

Question 4

Contraindications and cautions of benzodiazepines?

Answer 4

• Avoid prolonged use as patient can develop tolerance and become addicted.
• Avoid in pregnancy - risk of foetal malformation, “floppy baby syndrome”.
• Increases falls risk, can also worsen delirium.

Question 5

Adverse effects of benzodiazepines?

Answer 5

• Can worsen co-morbid depression.
• Discontinuation/withdrawal problems
• Dependancy and abuse - hence only used for short term
• Sedation and psychomotor retardation (mental and physical functions slow down).

Question 6

How are benzodiazepines administered?

Answer 6

PO (orally)

Question 7

How does benzodiazepines treat anxiety?

Answer 7

Increases Cl- entering the neurones, causing membrane hyperpolarisation.

This produces an inhibitory postsynaptic potential leading to reduced neuronal firing hence treating anxiety.

Question 8

Benzodiazepines can cause respiratory depression. true/false?

Answer 8

True

Respiratory depression = hypoventilation, refers to a slow, shallow breathing rate. Symptoms, or hypoventilatory changes, may include shortness of breath, frequent yawns, and an increased heart rate.