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Orthopaedics > benign Tumors > Flashcards

benign Tumors Flashcards

1
Q

Commonest true benign tumor of bone

A

Osteoid osteoma

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2
Q

Commonest benign tumor of bone

A

Osteochondroma

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3
Q

Therapeutic test

A

Nagging pain worst at night which decreases on giving NSAIDS
- in osteoid osteoma

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4
Q

Osteoid osteoma has

A

Nidus of tangled arrays of partially mineralized osteoid trabecular surrounded by dense sclerotic bone

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5
Q

Location of osteoid osteoma

A

Diaphysis

- long bones: tibia, femur

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6
Q

Age group affected by osteoid osteoma

A

10-25 years( young adults)

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7
Q

Investigation in osteoid osteoma

A
  • X-ray: typical radiolucent nidus (<1 cm diameter) surrounded by zone of dense sclerotic bone tumor
  • CT SCAN: confirms diagnosis
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8
Q

T/t of osteoid osteoma

A
  • complete excision of nidus along with sclerotic bone

- destroyed by CT localized radio frequency ablation

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9
Q

Enneking staging for benign tumor

A
  1. Latent lesion
  2. Active lesion
  3. Aggressive lesion
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10
Q

features of Latent lesion

A
  • intracapsular
  • grows slowly and stops
  • well defined margin
  • no cortical destruction
  • no t/t required
    Eg: osteoid osteoma
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11
Q

Features of active lesion

A

-intracapsular
- actively growing
- well defined margin
- May expand and thin the cortex
- extended curettage is the t/t
Eg: aneurysmal bone cyst

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12
Q

Features of aggressive lesion

A

-extracapsular
- tendency to recur
- break through the reactive bone possibly the cortex
- extended curettage and marginal/wide resection is t/t
Eg: symptomatic giant cell tumor

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13
Q

Osteochondroma has

A

-bony stalk with a cartilaginous cap

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14
Q

Why osteochondroma is not a true neoplasm?

A
  • as its growth stops with cessation of growth at epiphyseal plate
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15
Q

Location of osteochondroma

A

Metaphyseal area of any bone developing by endochondral ossification

  • distal femur, proximal tibia, proximal humerus, distal radius, distal tibia
    Can also occur in flat bones of pelvis
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16
Q

Trevor’s disease

A

Osteochondroma on epiphyseal side of growth plate

17
Q

Classical feature of osteochondroma

A
  • cortex and cancellous bone of osteochondroma are continuous with the cortex and cancellous bone of host
18
Q

Feature suggestive of malignant transformation of osteochondroma

A

Further enlargement after the end of growth plate

19
Q

Age group for osteochondroma

A

<20 years of age ( during growth period)

20
Q

Symptoms of osteochondroma

A
  • Painless swelling

- pain once complications like bursitis, malignat change has begun

21
Q

Signs of osteochondroma

A
  • firm, non- tender, palpable swelling fixed to bone around joints
  • tenderness and warmth if bursa inflamed
  • restricted joint movements
  • abnormal cosmetic appearance
  • interference of tendon function, growth disturbance
22
Q

Causes of sudden pain in osteochondroma

A
  • fracture
  • sarcomatous change
  • bursitis of overlying bursa
  • impingement of neighboring structures: nerves, vessels
23
Q

Radiological findings in osteochondroma

A
  • mushroom shaped outgrowth of bone at metaphysis either sessile or pedunculated, 2-12 cm in size
  • tumor showing cortical and medullary portion continuous with the host bone
  • tumor looks smaller than it feels because cartilage cap is not seen on X-ray unless calcified
24
Q

T/t of osteochondroma

A
  • not required unless complications develop
  • complete excision including periosteum over the exostosis is done
  • excision of osteochondroma should, if possible be postponed until later adolescence due to risk of recurrence and growth arrest
25
Q

Other name of osteochondroma

A

Exostosis

26
Q

Multiple hereditary exostosis also known as:

A
  • diaphysialaclasia
27
Q

MHE is:

A

Autosomal dominant disorder where there is failure of bone remodeling and this excess of metaphyseal growth is not resorbed forming multiple irregular cartilage capped exostosis

28
Q

Radiological feature of MHE

A
  • classical trumpet shaped metaphysis and bony projections from it
  • deformities like bowing of radius, genu valgum, ankle valgum
29
Q

Benign tumor of hyaline cartilage is:

A

Chondroma

30
Q

Chondroma arising from medullary cavity is:

A
  • asenchondroma
31
Q

Chondroma arising from surface of bone is k/a

A

Subperiosteal or juxta-cortical chondroma

32
Q

Location of enchondroma

A

Tubular bones of hand and feet

33
Q

Enchondroma is:

A

Benign tumor consisting of lobulated mass of cartilage encapsulated by fibrous tissue

34
Q

Types of enchondroma

A
  1. Ollier’s disease (chondrodysplasia)

2. Maffuccis’s syndrome

Orthopaedics (10 decks)

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