Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) & Urinary Retention Flashcards
Exam 1- I am a useless piece of shit
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Nonmalignant prostate enlargement by abnormal overgrowth of the prostate tissue
What is Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia caused by?
Caused by excessive growth of epithelial (glandular) cells and smooth muscle cells
How common is BPH?
BPH is a common disorder that affects 50% of men older than 60 years and 90% of men older than 70
years.
As the prostate tissue grows in size, what happens?
As the tissue increases in size, it compresses the urethra and produces symptoms of bladder outlet
syndrome.
What is the correlation between prostate size and symptoms?
No direct correlation between symptoms and size
What kind of imbalance exists with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
Testosterone/Estrogen imbalance
Signs and symptoms of BPH
Urinary hesitancy
* Urinary urgency
* Increased frequency of urination
* Dysuria
* Nocturia
* Straining to void
* Postvoid dribbling
* Decreased force and caliber of urinary stream
* Sensation of incomplete bladder emptying
What is used to evaluate for BPH?
- Digital rectal examination (DRE)
- Measurement of PSA levels
- Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)
What does transrectal ultrasound do for BPH evaluation?
is used to determine bladder and prostate volume and residual urine.
What medications are used to treat BPH?
5-Alpha-reductase inhibitors (mechanical obstruction)
* Finasteride
Alpha1-adrenergic antagonists (dynamic obstruction)
Examples of alpha adrenergic blockers
Prozosin and tamsulosin
What do alpha adrenergic blockers do?
are used to relax the smooth muscle of the bladder and prostate.
What are treatment options for BPH?
- Surgery/Invasive procedures – TURP, laser prostatectomy, microwave tx
- Watchful waiting
- Drug therapy
- 5-Alpha-reductase inhibitors (mechanical obstruction)
- Finasteride
- Alpha1-adrenergic antagonists (dynamic obstruction)
Two types of obstruction in BPH?
Dynamic Obstruction
Static Obstruction
Dynamic Obstruction
Obstruction due to smooth muscle tone