Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) & Urinary Retention Flashcards

Exam 1- I am a useless piece of shit

1
Q

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

A

Nonmalignant prostate enlargement by abnormal overgrowth of the prostate tissue

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2
Q

What is Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia caused by?

A

Caused by excessive growth of epithelial (glandular) cells and smooth muscle cells

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3
Q

How common is BPH?

A

BPH is a common disorder that affects 50% of men older than 60 years and 90% of men older than 70
years.

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4
Q

As the prostate tissue grows in size, what happens?

A

As the tissue increases in size, it compresses the urethra and produces symptoms of bladder outlet
syndrome.

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5
Q

What is the correlation between prostate size and symptoms?

A

No direct correlation between symptoms and size

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6
Q

What kind of imbalance exists with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

A

Testosterone/Estrogen imbalance

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7
Q

Signs and symptoms of BPH

A

Urinary hesitancy
* Urinary urgency
* Increased frequency of urination
* Dysuria
* Nocturia
* Straining to void
* Postvoid dribbling
* Decreased force and caliber of urinary stream
* Sensation of incomplete bladder emptying

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8
Q

What is used to evaluate for BPH?

A
  1. Digital rectal examination (DRE)
  2. Measurement of PSA levels
  3. Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)
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9
Q

What does transrectal ultrasound do for BPH evaluation?

A

is used to determine bladder and prostate volume and residual urine.

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10
Q

What medications are used to treat BPH?

A

5-Alpha-reductase inhibitors (mechanical obstruction)
* Finasteride

Alpha1-adrenergic antagonists (dynamic obstruction)

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11
Q

Examples of alpha adrenergic blockers

A

Prozosin and tamsulosin

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12
Q

What do alpha adrenergic blockers do?

A

are used to relax the smooth muscle of the bladder and prostate.

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13
Q

What are treatment options for BPH?

A
  • Surgery/Invasive procedures – TURP, laser prostatectomy, microwave tx
  • Watchful waiting
  • Drug therapy
  • 5-Alpha-reductase inhibitors (mechanical obstruction)
  • Finasteride
  • Alpha1-adrenergic antagonists (dynamic obstruction)
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14
Q

Two types of obstruction in BPH?

A

Dynamic Obstruction

Static Obstruction

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15
Q

Dynamic Obstruction

A

Obstruction due to smooth muscle tone

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16
Q

Static Obstruction

A

Obstruction due to enlargement of the prostate