Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Question 1

What is Benign Prostate Hyperplasia (BPH) and what causes it?

Answer 1

Benign Prostate Hyperplasia (BPH) occurs when stromal and epithelial cells in the prostate increase in number, causing the prostate to enlarge. Large discrete nodules compress the urethra.

Question 2

What are the symptoms of Benign Prostate Hyperplasia (BPH)? (5)

Answer 2

.Hesitancy during urination

.interrupted or decreased urine stream

.Nocturia (frequent nighttime urination)

.Incomplete voiding

.poor Urinary retention

Question 3

What factors increase the likelihood of developing Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)? (5)

Answer 3

.40 years and older

.Family history of BPH

.Medical conditions such as obesity, heart and circulatory disease, and type 2 diabetes

.Lack of physical exercise

.Erectile Dysfunction

Question 4

What lifestyle changes can help manage symptoms of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)? (5)

Answer 4

.Lifestyle changes that can help manage BPH symptoms include:

.Reducing intake of liquids, especially before public outings or sleep

.Avoiding or reducing intake of caffeinated beverages and alcohol

.Monitoring or avoiding medications such as decongestants, antihistamines, antidepressants, and diuretics
Exercising pelvic floor muscles

.Preventing or treating constipation

Question 5

What are the common types of medications used to treat Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) and name examples of each (3)

Answer 5

.Alpha blockers: Doxazosin, Tamsulosin, Alfuzosin

.Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors: Tadalafil, Sildenafil, Vardenafil

.5-alpha reductase inhibitors: Finasteride, Dutasteride (can shrink the prostate or prevent its growth)

Question 6

How do combination medications help in treating BPH and overactive bladder?

Answer 6

Combination medications (e.g., alpha blockers and antimuscarinics) can improve symptoms, urinary flow, and quality of life.

For overactive bladder, a combination of alpha blockers and antimuscarinics (which relax bladder muscles) may be helpful for managing urinary frequency, urgency, and incontinence.

Question 7

What are the common side effects of Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (e.g., Sildenafil, Tadalafil)? (5)

Answer 7

Common side effects of Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors include:

.Headaches

.Flushing

.Indigestion

.Nasal congestion

.Dizziness

Question 8

What are the uncommon but serious side effects of Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors? (7)

Answer 8

Uncommon but serious side effects of Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors include:

.Painful erection lasting for hours (priapism)

.Sudden vision loss or decrease

.Chest pain

.Shortness of breath

.Swelling of the eyes, lips, face, etc.

.Rapid or irregular heartbeat

.Dizziness or fainting upon standing

Question 9

What are the common side effects of Alpha blockers (e.g., Doxazosin, Tamsulosin)? (4)

Answer 9

Common side effects of Alpha blockers include:

.Dizziness or lightheadedness (especially when standing up quickly)

.Fatigue

.Headache

.Nasal congestion

Question 10

What are the uncommon but serious side effects of Alpha blockers? (2)

Answer 10

Uncommon but serious side effects of Alpha blockers include:

.Decreased sexual drive

.Problems with ejaculation (e.g., retrograde ejaculation or difficulty achieving orgasm)