Benign Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What is Mastitis?

A

Inflammation of the breast tissue

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2
Q

Most common causative organism in mastitis ?

A

Staph Aureus

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3
Q

Clinical features of mastitis?

A

Tenderness

Swelling

Hardening

Erythema over the area of infection

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4
Q

Management of Mastitis?

A

Systemic antibiotic therapy and simple analgesics

Recommendation to continue breast feeding

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5
Q

What is a breast cyst?

A

Fluid filled cavity formed when the lobules become distended due to blockage

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6
Q

Clinical features of a breast cyst?

A

Lumps

On palpation they appear as distinct smooth masses that are mobile and soft

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7
Q

Management of breast cyst ?

A

No management required

Reassurance

Will self resolve

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8
Q

What is mammary duct ecstasia?

A

Dilation and shortening of the major lactiferous ducts

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9
Q

Clinical features of mammary duct ecstasia?

A

Greeny yellow nipple discharge

Palpable mass

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10
Q

What process occurs in fat necrosis?

A

Acute inflammatory process leading to ischaemic necrosis of fat lobules

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11
Q

What is the main cause of fat necrosis ?

A

Trauma

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12
Q

What is Gynaecomastia?

A

Condition in which males develop breast tissue

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13
Q

What are the physiological causes of gynaecomastia?

A

Delayed testosterone surge at puberty relative to oestrogen

Decreasing testosterone levels with age

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14
Q

What are the pathological causes of gynaecomastia?

A

Lack of testosterone (klinefelters, androgen insensitivity, testicular atrophy, renal disease)

Increased oestrogen levels (obesity, adrenal tumours, hyperthyroidism, liver disease)

Medication (anabolic steroids, spironolactone)

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15
Q

Types of benign breast tumours?

A

Fibroadenomas

Adenomas

Lipomas

Papillomas

Phyllodes tumours

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16
Q

What is the most common benign growth of the breast?

A

Fibroadenoma

17
Q

A woman presents with a lump less than 1cm away from her nipple. What does this indicate?

A

Intraductal papilloma

18
Q

Difference between benign and malignant lesions on palpation

A

Benign - smooth, mobile

Malignant - hard, irregular, firm, fixed

19
Q

Paget’s disease vs dermatitis

A

Paget’s disease affects the nipple itself - flaky skin and erythema

Dermatitis affects the areolae and usually excludes the nipple itself