Benign Conditons Of Uterus, Cervix, Ovary And Tubes

Question 1

Most of the time uterine and cervical anomalies are caused by what?

Answer 1

DES exposure

Question 2

What is the most common neoplasm of the uterus?

Answer 2

Fibroids

Question 3

4 symptoms of fibroids when they are symptomatic?

Answer 3

Uterine bleeding, pelvic pain, pelvic pressure, infertility

Question 4

Fibroids are the most common indication for what?

Answer 4

Hysterectomy

Question 5

4 types of fibroids and which one is most common?

Answer 5

Cervical, submucosa, intramural (within myometrium and most common), subserosal

Question 6

Two ways we can see/find fibroids?

Answer 6

Palpate them within the cervix

US

Question 7

4 differentials for fibroids?

Answer 7

Ovarian neoplasm
Tubo-ovarian inflammatory mass
Bowel mass
Colon cancer

Question 8

3 lines of treatment for a fibroid with medication?

Answer 8

Combo estrogen/pro first
Only pro
GnRH agonist

Question 9

4 surgical treatments of fibroids?

Answer 9

Myomectomy
Endometrial ablation
Uterine artery embolization, cut the fibroid off from blood supply
Hysterectomy

Question 10

How to treat endometrial polyps and what can the polyps cause?

Answer 10

Remove with hysteroscopy since hyperplasia and carcinoma can present as polyps too
Heavy bleeding, post menopausal bleeding

Question 11

What are the most benign growths of the cervix?

Answer 11

Ectocervical and endocervical polyps

Question 12

2 differences between endocervical and ectocervical polyps?

Answer 12

Endo more common and beefy red

Ecto less common and pale color

Question 13

5 causes of endometrial hyperplasia?

Answer 13

PCOS and anovulation
Granulosa theca cell tumor
Obesity
Exogenous estrogen 
Tamoxifen

Question 14

4 types of endometrial hyperplasia?

Answer 14

Simple no atypia
Complex no atypia
Simple with atypia
Complex with atypia

Question 15

1 symptoms and endometrial hyperplasia and how to make the diagnosis?

Answer 15

Heavy bleeding

Sample the endometrium and US the endometrium and make sure it is over 4 mm

Question 16

How to treat endometrial hyperplasia?

Answer 16

Give progesterone for simple and complex with no atypia

Hysterectomy for simple and complex with atypia

Question 17

Two syndromes that jack the ovaries up?

Answer 17

Turner 45XO

Androgen insensitivity syndrome 46XY

Question 18

4 functional cysts of the ovary?

Answer 18

Follicular, lutein, hemorrhagic, and polycystic

Question 19

2 things to know about a functional theca lutein cyst?

Answer 19

Bilateral and develop in patients with high hCG levels

Question 20

2 things to know about the functional luteuoma of pregnancy cyst?

Answer 20

Hyperplastic reaction of the thec cells with high hCG

Reddish brown nodules

Question 21

Three things he wants us to know that PCOS is associated with?

Answer 21

Chronic anovulation, too much androgen and insulin resistance

Question 22

What is the most common benign ovarian neoplasm in a premenopausal women?

Answer 22

Cystic teratoma or Dermoid

Question 23

Mucinous ovarian tumors, endometrioid ovarian tumors and serous ovarian tumors resemble what epithelium respectively?

Answer 23

Endocervical
Endometrium
Fallopian tubes

Question 24

What is the most common epithelial ovarian tumor, treatment, and histo of it?

Answer 24

Serous
Surgery
Psammoma bodies

Question 25

2nd most common epithelial tumor of the ovary? Associated condition?

Answer 25

Mucinous

Mucocele of appendix

Question 26

How to distinguish serous epi tumor vs. mucinous?

Answer 26

Mucinous is multiloculated and larger

Question 27

Hormone coming out of granulosa theca cells and what is the effect? Same question for sertoli leydig tumors?

Answer 27

Estrogen and feminizing

Androgen and man making

Question 28

What is the most common solid benign tumor of the ovary?

Answer 28

Fibroma

Question 29

Triad of meigs syndrome?

Answer 29

Fibroma, ascites, and pleural effusions

Question 30

What is the most common ovarian neoplasm found in women of all ages?

Answer 30

Cystic teratoma

Question 31

Why can ovarian tumors be painful?

Answer 31

Torsion and rupture causing peritonitis

Question 32

4 things that can aid us in the diagnosis of benign ovarian tumors?

Answer 32

Ab/pelvic exam
US
Tumor markers like ca 125
Laparoscopy

Question 33

How do we usually treat epithelial ovarian tumors? What if its mucinous? How might we change it if it is a lady who hasn’t had kids yet? Post menopausal women?

Answer 33

Unilateral tube and ovary removal
Take out appendix as well
Perform a cystectomy to preserve the ovary
Hysterectomy with bilateral tube and ovary out

Question 34

How do we usually treat stromal cell tumors and fibromas?

Answer 34

Unilateral tube and ovary out

Resection of ovary

Question 35

3 things when treating a mature cystic teratoma?

Answer 35

Ovarian cystectomy
Check other ovary because they can be bilateral
Clean pelvis out

Question 36

2 most common benign conditions of the Fallopian tube?

Answer 36

Infection and inflammation

Question 37

What is one of the most common gynecology emergencies and what is the primary risk factor?

Answer 37

Ovarian torsion.

Ovarian mass greater than 5 cm

Question 38

Classic presentation of ovarian torsion, best way to diagnose, treatment?

Answer 38

Acute unilateral pain
US
Remove the cyst, if ovary is necrotic then remove tube and ovary.