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Sociology paper 2- families and beliefs > Beliefs- Secularisation Debate > Flashcards

Beliefs- Secularisation Debate Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the 3 main sources of evidence for secularisation?

A

Popularity is declining
Decline in traditional teachings
The church is no longer as powerful

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2
Q

What is secularisation?

A

The decline in religious beliefs

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3
Q

What are the 4 reasons for why secularisation is happening?

A

Rationalisation
Structural differentiation
Social and cultural diversity
Religious diversity

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4
Q

What is rationalisation?

A

More logical and evidence based ways of thinking

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5
Q

Who are the 2 theorists for rationalisation?

A

Weber
Bruce

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6
Q

What does Weber say about rationalisation?

A

There has been a disenchantment and the magical elements of religion have been lost

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7
Q

What does Bruce say about rationalisation?

A

Science and technology have replaced religious explanations (technological world view)

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8
Q

Who is the theorist for structural differentiation?

A

Parsons

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9
Q

Why is structural differentiation a reason for secularisation?

A

Religion no longer performs as many functions within society so it is now a personal choice

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10
Q

What 3 functions did religion used to perform within society?

A

Education
Social welfare
Law

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11
Q

Who are the theorists for social and cultural diversity?

A

Wilson
Bruce

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12
Q

Why is social and cultural diversity a reason for secularisation?

A

Industrialisation has caused diverse beliefs and undermines how believable religion is

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13
Q

Who are the theorists for religious diversity?

A

Bruce
Berger

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14
Q

Why is religious diversity a reason for secularisation?

A

Religious organisations have more diversity so people start to question religion as a whole

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15
Q

What its a single sacred canopy?

A

A set of beliefs shared by all people in society

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16
Q

What are the 5 reasons for secularisation not happening?

A

Cultural defence and transition
fundamentalism
Reenchantment
Religious market theory
Existential security theory

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17
Q

What is cultural defence?

A

People sticking to their religion as comfort in a struggle against new cultures

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18
Q

What is cultural transition?

A

Ethnic minorities using religion to integrate themselves into their new society through religion

19
Q

What is fundamentalism?

A

The belief in traditional religion and conservative beliefs

20
Q

Who is the theorist for reenchantment?

A

Heelas

21
Q

What is reenchantment?

A

Belief is not disappearing but just just taking a new form which can be tailored to what they want

22
Q

Who is the theorist for religious market theory?

A

Stark and Bainbridge

23
Q

What is the religious market theory?

A

Churches now operate like companies to give people what they want so that they believe more and have more commitment

24
Q

What does Eurocentric mean?

A

The decline of religion in Europe fails to explain continuing validity in other places

25
Q

Who is the theorist for existential security theory?

A

Norris and Inglehart

26
Q

What is the existential crisis theory?

A

There is a demand for religion in third world countries where there are low income groups and rich countries are more secular

27
Q

What is the theory linked to religion changing?

A

Postmodernists

28
Q

What are the 4 reasons for religion changing?

A

Belief without belonging
The Kendal project
Sheilaism and individualised religion
Spiritual shopping

29
Q

Who is the theorist for belief without belonging?

A

Davie

30
Q

What is belief without belonging?

A

People still have religious beliefs but decide not to go to church

31
Q

What is vicarious religion?

A

A small number of people practicing religion on behalf of a larger group

32
Q

What did the kendal project find?

A

Traditional religion has declined so it is turning to more spiritual means

33
Q

What is the congregational domain?

A

People practicing traditional christianity

34
Q

What is the holistic milieu?

A

Spirituality and the new age movement

35
Q

What is sheilaism?

A

People can now pick what they want to believe out of certain religions to create their own individual religion

36
Q

Who is the theorist for sheilaism?

A

Bellah

37
Q

Who is the theorist for spiritual shopping?

A

Hervieu- Leger

38
Q

what is spiritual shopping?

A

Parents are no longer passing on religion to their children so are given a choice and may choose and individualised religion to fit in with their own aspirations

39
Q

What is cultural amnesia?

A

Parents letting children decide what they want to beleieve

40
Q

What is greater social equality?

A

The church no longer has the power to impose religion on people

41
Q

What are pilgrims?

A

Those following a path of self discovery

42
Q

What are converts?

A

People joining religious groups that offer a strong sense of belonging

43
Q

What kind of belonging can be shared by converts?

A

Ethnic origin
Religious doctrine

Sociology paper 2- families and beliefs (12 decks)

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