behaviourist approach to explaining phobias ao1

Question 1

who suggested the two process model based on the behavioural approach to phobias

Answer 1

mowrer

Question 2

what did mowrer suggest

Answer 2

the two process model

Question 3

define the two process model

Answer 3

states that phobias are acquired because of classical conditioning then continue because of operant conditioning

Question 4

who did the little albert study

Answer 4

watson and rayner

Question 5

what study did watson and rayner do

Answer 5

little albert study

Question 6

what was the method to create a phobia in watson and rayners study

Answer 6

created a phobia in 9 month old little albert who did not show signs of anxiety before the study. began to bang an iron bar close to alberts ear whenever he would try to play with a rat. the noise was an unconditioned stimulus which created an unconditioned response of fear. became associated with each other and now both produce the fear response.

Question 7

the conditioning after little albert acquired the phobia was then generalised to what

Answer 7

other similar objects such as a non white rabbit, a fur coat and a fake santa claus type beard

Question 8

why do phobias tend to last a long time despite responses acquired by classical conditioning declining over time

Answer 8

because of operant conditioning

Question 9

how is a phobia maintained through operant conditioning (2 process model)

Answer 9

negative reinforcement causes an individual to avoid an unpleasant situation. such behaviour results in a desirable consequence so it will happen again. mowrer suggests that when we avoid a phobia we are maintaining the behaviour as we have successfully avoided it