behaviourist approach

Question 1

Assumptions of the behaviorist approach?

Answer 1

1) all behaviours are learnt from the environment.
2) focus on observable behaviours.
3) animals and humans learn in the same way so they carry out experiments on animals.

Question 2

Classical conditioning. Pavlov

Answer 2

learning through association.
association of (NS) with (UCS) to produce new CS and CR. 
The dogs learnt to associate the bell with food and the sound of bell and salivation was triggered by the sound of the bell.

Question 3

Operant conditioning. Skinner

Answer 3

learning by consequences.
POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT - receiving an award.

NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT - when performing an action stops something unpleasant form happening.

PUNISHMENT - unpleasant consequence.

Question 4

The skinner box (1953)

Answer 4

Every time the rat activated the lever food pellet fell in the food dispenser (positive reinforcement)
positive reinforcement increases the likelihood the behaviour will be repeated
Different condition they were subjected to an uncomfortable electric current. (negative reinforcement)
They learnt to go straight to the lever, suggests that negative reinforcement increases the likelihood of behaviour being repeated.