Behaviourist Approach

Question 1

Behaviourist

Answer 1

A way of explaining behaviour in terms of what is observable and in terms of learning.

Question 2

Classical conditioning

Answer 2

Learning by association, occurs when 2 stimuli are repeatedly paired together, unconditional +neutral stimulus

Question 3

Operant conditioning

Answer 3

A form of learning in which behaviour is shaped+ maintained by its consequences, positive/negative reinforcement

Question 4

Reinforcement

Answer 4

a consequence of behaviour that increases the likelihood of behaviour being repeated (+or-)

Question 5

positive reinforcement

Answer 5

receiving a reward for a certain behaviour

Question 6

negative reinforcement

Answer 6

when an animal/human avoids something unpleasant the outcome is a positive experience

Question 7

timing

Answer 7

association only occurs if the usc and ns are presented at the same time, no association if time gap is too great

Question 8

extinction

Answer 8

when the conditioned response isn’t produced as a response to the conditioned stimulus

Question 9

spontaneous recovery

Answer 9

when a previously extinct conditioned response is produced in response to the cs, after a period of time it hasn’t been used

Question 10

stimulus generalisation

Answer 10

when a stimulus becomes generalised to other related stimuli which are also associated with the cr

Question 11

scheduled reinforcement

Answer 11

the desired behaviour reinforced every time it occurs, effective for particular responses eg reinforcing rat when it presses lever (continuous)

Question 12

partial reinforcement

Answer 12

the response is only reinforced part of the time eg every 3rd lever press, avoids extinction

Question 13

punishement

Answer 13

A behaviour that is less likely to reoccur because of negative consequences