Behaviourist Approach

Question 1

Behaviourist approach

Answer 1

A way of explaining behaviour in terms of learning and what is observable, relying on lab studies

Question 2

Classical conditioning

Answer 2

Pavlov (1927) - Learning through association. Occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired together - an unconditioned and neutral stimulus. The NS eventually produces the same response first produced by the UCS alone

Question 3

Operant conditioning

Answer 3

Skinner (1953) - A form of learning in which behaviour is shaped by consequences. Positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement increase likelihood of behaviour repeating, punishment decreases likelihood

Question 4

Strengths of the behaviourist approach

Answer 4

• Controlled research (eg. Observable behaviour in lab, allowing cause-and-effect relationship to be established)
• Real world application (eg. Operant conditioning is the basis of token economy systems successfully used in institutions)

Question 5

Limitations of the behaviourist approach

Answer 5

• Reductionist (eg. Oversimplified, ignoring human thought, emotions and free will)
• Ethical issues (eg. Animals are unable to consent and lack protection from harm)