Behaviourist Approach

Question 1

key assumptions - behaviourist

Answer 1

1. behaviour is a learned response from environmental stimuli
2. behaviour can be learned from observation and limitation

Question 2

classical conditioning

Answer 2

• Pavlov
• involves direct learning through association of events within the environment

Question 3

classical conditioning - example

Answer 3

1. neutral stimulus - pre-learning
2. unconditioned stimulus - an environmental stimulus that causes a reflex response - pre-learing
3. unconditioned response - like being startled by a loud noise - learning
4. conditioned stimulus - learned
5. conditioned response - learned

Question 4

operant conditioning

Answer 4

learning from the consequences of actions

Question 5

postive reinforcement

Answer 5

repeating behaviours that are rewarded

Question 6

negative reinforcement

Answer 6

repeating behaviours that avoid punishment

Question 7

punishment

Answer 7

NOT repeating behaviours that are punished

Question 8

positive punishment

Answer 8

when a punishment is added due to the behaviour

Question 9

negative punishment

Answer 9

when a behaviour results in the ‘loss’ of a reward or freedom

Question 10

extrinsic rewards

Answer 10

gaining a reward or avoiding a punishment from an external source

Question 11

intrinsic rewards

Answer 11

internal rewards - this is often seen as highly desirable in an individual in terms of achieving goals

Question 12

social learning theory

Answer 12

• Bandura
• learning through observation and imitation

Question 13

modelling

Answer 13

either an observer imitates the behaviour of a model or a model demonstrates a behaviour that may be imitated by an observer

Question 14

vicarious reinforcement

Answer 14

if the role model you are observing receives a positive consequence for their behaviour, then the observer is more likely to imitate it