Behaviourist Approach

Question 1

Assumptions

Answer 1

We are born as a blank slate- a ‘tabula rasa’
Process of learning from our environment
Extreme ‘nurture’
Relies on control & objectivity- lab experiments

Question 2

Classical conditioning

Answer 2

Trained to a trained/conditional stimulus
Learnt by association

Question 3

Pavlov’s dogs

Answer 3

US→UR
NS→NR
NS+US→UR
CS→CR

Question 4

Operant conditioning

Answer 4

Types of reinforcement affect behaviour
Conditioning based on consequences

Question 5

Reinforcement

Answer 5

Increasing the likelihood of the behaviour being repeated

Question 6

Positive reinforcement

Answer 6

Increasing the likelihood of the behaviour being repeated by using consequences that are pleasant

Question 7

Negative reinforcement

Answer 7

Increasing the likelihood of the behaviour being repeated by using consequences that are pleasant when they stop. Makes the unpleasant go away

Question 8

Punishment

Answer 8

Decreasing the likelihood of the behaviour being repeated by using consequences that are unpleasant

Question 9

Skinner

Answer 9

Experimented on rats
Positive reinforcement- rat pressing the lever & receives food
Negative reinforcement- rat being subjected to an unpleasant electrical current on the floor of the box
Punishment- electric shock