behaviourism

Question 0

4 basic assumptions of watson’s radical behaviourism

Answer 0

1. EVOLUTIONARY CONTINUITY - humans and animals only differ in degree of continuity
2. REDUCTIONISM - physiological and biochemical
3. DETERMINISM - never accidental, behaviour determined by external events
4. EMPIRICISM - only observable measurabl event

Question 1

nature or nurture?

Answer 1

believe infant is TABULA RASA, purely shaped by environment

nurture

Question 2

little albert experiment

Answer 2

conditioned fear of rats

Question 3

stimulus generalisation

for little albert

Answer 3

= fear generalised to other fluffy white stimuli

Question 4

what does classical condition NOT explain?

Answer 4

voluntary behaviour

Question 5

skinner’s law of effect

Answer 5

the relationship between an observable behaviour and its consequences (+ve & -ve)

Question 6

skinner’s operant conditioning

- voluntary

Answer 6

we can chose to do the behaviour we have learned will reward or punish

Question 7

positive reinforcement

Answer 7

adding something to increase response

Question 8

negative reinforcement

Answer 8

taking away something to increase response

Question 9

positive punishment

Answer 9

adding something to decrease response

Question 10

negative punishment

Answer 10

taking away something to decrease response

Question 11

skinner’s anti-mentalistic approach

Answer 11

rejection of mentality

thoughts, mind, feeling, anything unobservable

Question 12

behaviorist view of personality

Answer 12

personality results from an individual’s history of reinforcement and punishment (no inner ‘self’, a ‘self’ is how we behave under different circumstances)

Question 13

psychopathology and behaviourism

Answer 13

learned patterns

Question 14

what is the evolutionary continuity is wason’s radical behaviourism

Answer 14

use of dog shows evolutionary continuity for abnormal and normal behaviour

Question 15

reductionism in watsons example

Answer 15

connection between the dog’s learned pathological behaviour and the biological needs that it develops

Question 16

determinism in watsons example

Answer 16

dogs behaviour is completely determined by conditioning history

Question 17

empiricism in watsons example

Answer 17

no signs of unconscious conflict. observable

Question 18

limitation of behaviourism

Answer 18

chomsky: cannot be applied to humans; too basic and limited
maze: no account of what humans do by nature, what we need. just simply that humans are teachable

Question 19

+ve of behviorism

Answer 19

strong experimental background