behavioural approach to explaining phobias Flashcards

(6 cards)

1
Q

what is the two-process model? (2)

A

● argues that phobias are learned / acquired through classical conditioning

● but are then maintained through operant conditioning

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2
Q

what is classical conditioning? (2)

A

● phobias learned via classical conditioning when associating a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus that causes fear

● resulting in a conditioned stimulus that produces a conditioned response of fear

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3
Q

what was the little albert study? (2)

A

● watson & rayner conditioned a baby boy known as little albert to fear white rats

● fear ended up being generalised to other similar objects: rabbit, white mask, santa and fur coat

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4
Q

what is generalisation?

A

phobia is generalised to other similar objects meaning you are also afraid of them

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5
Q

how are phobias maintained?

A

operant conditioning

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6
Q

describe how phobias are maintained (4)

A

● whenever a person avoids phobic stimulus, they successfully escape the feelings of fear and anxiety they would have experienced if they had remained there

● this reduction of fear / anxiety reinforces the avoidance behaviour

● thus, the phobia is maintained

● this is negative reinforcement

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