Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clinical Nutrition 3 > Behaviour Strategies > Flashcards

Behaviour Strategies Flashcards

1
Q

___ Canadians are living with more than one chronic illness

A

1/5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Give four reasons for the increase of chronic diseases in Canadians

A
  • People are living longer
  • Earlier detection due to technology
  • Nutrition Transition
  • Less access to GPs, rural areas
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define health risk behaviours

A

Unhealthy behaviours capable of change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the four health risk behaviours which are related to chronic conditions?

A
  • Lack of exercise
  • Poor nutrition
  • Tobacco use
  • Excessive drinking
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What causes a significant proportion of mortality from the leading causes of death?

A

Behaviour of individuals, which is modifiable and a key component in the management of most health conditions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define health behaviour change

A

Any activity undertaken for the purpose of preventing or detecting disease or for improving health and well-being

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Give 3 example of health-behaviours

A

1) Medical service usage
2) Compliance with medical regimens
3) Self-directed health behaviours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which self-directed health behaviour may set the stage for the achievement of other health behaviours?

A

Adequate sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define self management

A

The individual who engages in activities which protect and promote health, monitor and manage their symptoms, and adhering the treatment regimens.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a key concept within self-management?

A

Tasks which gain confidence, and this confidence is known as self-efficacy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is they key difference between self-management and efficacy?

A

Self-efficacy is required for successful self-management. It refers to the confidence one has in achieving self-management.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 3 sub-sections of self-management?

A
  • Medical management
  • Role management
  • Emotional management
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Medical management?

A

Taking meds, monitoring symptoms, interacting with health providers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Role management?

A

Adapting to work or hobbies with pain or functional limitations, adapting to schedules imposed by new medication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Emotional management?

A

Dealing with anger, fear, frustration, depression and worries about the future

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are some objectives of self-management within the context of diabetes?

A
  • Engage in education and support programs
  • Healthy eating
  • Integration to adhere to complex regime
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the goal of self-management education in diabetes?

A

Prepare individuals with diabetes to change their behaviour to support improved outcomes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are some items that those with diabetes should self-manage?

A
  • Healthy diet
  • Regular exercise
  • Optimum weight control
  • SMBG
  • Medication
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Self-management often leads to better adherence to self-care regimen. How does this impact the individual?

A
  • Decreased mortality and disability
  • Improved quality of life
  • Reduced health-care costs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the hardest part of self-management?

A

Sticking to the regime in the long-term, it is often difficult to embed into someones lifestyle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Name 5 factors which influence and individuals ability to adhere to a healthier eating plan (within the context of chronic disease)

A
  • Perceived risk
  • Age and habits
  • Mental and psychological adjustment
  • Education level
  • Perception of social norms.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is perceived risk?

A

Whether the individual thinks there will actually be a negative effect if they don’t follow the nutritional intervention (i.e. - is it worth it?)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

(T/F) When the patient is educated and has knowledge, they are always likely to have positive health outcomes

A

False, outcomes are often inconsistent pointing to the fact that people engage in unhealthy behaviours despite the knowledge of their risks.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

(T/F) Those with diabetes and who knew their HBA1C values was sufficient to infer increased confidence and motivation to improve self-management

A

False, however they had a better understanding of diabetes self-management.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What must be considered when trying to achieve self-management and healthy behaviour changes?

A

Culture and ethnicity, as each culture often has a different perception of “health” the the health benefits of different foods.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are 4 cultural factors to consider in diabetes management? (BLT-F)

A
  • Beliefs about general health
  • Lifestyles
  • Traditional and religious beliefs
  • Food and dietary preferences
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What was the key finding in the systematic review of barriers and facilitators for T2DM management in south Asians?

A

There is a 50% higher probability of getting diabetes in South Asia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What were the 3 key reasons why it is more likely to develop diabetes in south Asia?

A
  • Language and communication with HCP (didn’t understand diabetes education)
  • Barriers and misconceptions to adopting diabetic diet
  • Diet was not tailored to south asian cultural foods
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are the 3 facilitators in adopting a diabetic diet?

A
  • Trust in care providers
  • Use of culturally appropriate dietary advice
  • Increasing family involvement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are two cultural sensitivities in nutritional interventions?

A
  • Cultural holidays, such as Ramadan

- Usual intake by region, such as country foods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Up to ___ of those living with chronic diseases will exhibit signs of depression

A

50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Whats the issue with depression?

A

Pin-pointing behaviour changes can be difficult

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What 4 conditions are associated with depression? (CAMD)

A
  • CHD
  • Arthiritis
  • MS
  • Diabetes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

How does depression impacts disease self-management and health behaviours?

A

By altering perception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What was the major finding in the Interpret-DD study concerning those with diabetes and depression?

A

10.6% were diagnosed with depression, and 17% reported moderate to severe symptoms of depression

36
Q

What was the major association in the Interpret-DD study concerning those with diabetes and depression?

A

Higher in women, low education, less exercise, higher levels of diabetes distress, previous diagnosis of depression

37
Q

What is one of the top conditions that go undiagnosed and untreated?

A

Depression, there is still a stigma

38
Q

What else do diabetic patients often report?

A

Diabetes-specific emotional distress

39
Q

What emotional distress is associated with diabetes (3)

A
  • Money to buy supplies and medications (25%)
  • Feeling deprived of food (32%)
  • Concerned with future complications of the disease (38%)
40
Q

What are 4 strategies that HCP can do regarding depression and diabetes?

A
  • Consider the possible signs of depression
  • Screen for depression in initial assessment
  • Consider referral for treatment
  • Educate
41
Q

What is the criteria for Major depressive disorder?

A

Depressed mood and/or loss of interest/pleasure plus 4 cardinal symptoms.

42
Q

What are the 7 cardinal symptoms that are considered in a diagnosis of depression? (CLIFT-PI)

A
  • Change in weight/appetite
  • Lack of energy
  • Insomnia or hypersomnia
  • Feelings of worthlessness or guilt
  • Psychomotor agitation or retardation
  • Inability to make decisions
43
Q

What does the successful treatment of depression contribute to?

A

Improved healthy behaviours and health outcomes

44
Q

What is the single item question used when screening for depression?

A

Are you depressed most of the time?

45
Q

Who is most responsive to the single item question?

A

Women

46
Q

What 2 questions are used by the U.S Preventative Services Task Force for screening for depression? Who is more responsive to these questions?

A

1) During the past 2 weeks, have you felt down, depressed or hopeless?
2) Have you felt little interest of pleasure in doing things?
Men

47
Q

What are some external factors that can help facilitate behaviour change?

A
  • Access to health-care services and information
  • HCP attitude, beliefs, knowledge and skills
  • Overall social norms (de-stigmatizing)
48
Q

What did Dietrich et al. uncover about physicians attitudes at time of diagnoses?

A

-Attitude was critical in developing patients attitude about disease, impacting self-management

49
Q

What did IntroDia study uncover about early conversations between physicians and patients?

A

-Optimize early conversations which will have an impact on diabetes related distress, well-being and & adherence to diabetes self-care behaviours.

50
Q

What are 2 positive conversational elements?

A
  • Encouraging

- Collaborative

51
Q

What is an example of an encouraging conversational element?

A

Telling the patient that a lot can be done to control diabetes, and that many people live long and healthy lives with diabetes

52
Q

What is an example of a collaborative conversational element?

A

Ask patient how their work, family or social situation related to taking care of their diabetes. Consider their values and traditions when recommending treatments.

53
Q

What is a discouraging conversational element which should be avoided?

A

Telling patients that diabetes gets harder to handle over time.

54
Q

How can our attitudes or beliefs about T2DM as a HCP influence patient behaviour?

A

We must be reassuring, alongside setting realistic expectations.

55
Q

When will our health promotion efforts and interventions more likely exceed? (2)

A

When there is a clear understanding of:

1) Targeted health behaviour
2) Environmental conduct

56
Q

Define self-efficacy

A

One’s confidence in being able to successfully perform an action to prduce the desired outcomes (i.e. improved health).

57
Q

What is Bandura’s S-E Theory?

A

A cognitive mediating process that determines behaviour

58
Q

What are the 3 domains of Bandura’s S-E Theory?

A

1) Self-efficacy expectancy
2) Outcome expectancy
3) Outcome value

59
Q

What is self-efficacy expectancy?

A

The belief and expectations about capacity to perform behaviours to achieve the outcome.

60
Q

What is particular about the self-efficacy expectancy?

A

It is situation and behaviour specific, if someone has a high s-e for exercise it does not mean that they have a high s-e for eating healthy.

61
Q

What is outcome expectancy?

A

Estimate of probability to lead to desired outcome or result. it is the assumed consequence of taking action (If I eat healthier, my blood sugars will improve).

62
Q

What is outcome value?

A

The value we place on the outcome (i.e if we value healthy eating, the effort and persistance will be greater)

63
Q

What often drives a person to change behaviours, and reach a desired outcome? (4)

A
  • Self-efficacy
  • Beliefs
  • Strength
  • Generality
64
Q

What is generality?

A

The ability to generalize the behaviour to other similar behaviours

65
Q

What often shapes outcome expectancies?

A

They physical, social and self-evaluative environment.

66
Q

What is self-efficacy linked to?

A

Adherence

67
Q

What plays an important role in self-management, and is a strong predictor of behaviour change?

A

Self-efficacy

68
Q

What 3 things can efficacy predict?

A

1) Choice of behaviour
2) Amount of effort and persistence when faced with obstacles/adversity
3) Through patterns, emotional reactions

69
Q

What are 4 outcomes of higher self-efficacy?

A
  • Better pain tolerance
  • Coping
  • Less disability
  • Adherence to medication and healthy behaviours
70
Q

Within the context of diabetes, what are (3) items associate with increased levels of SE?

A

1) Less psychological distress
2) Greater use of self-care activities
3) Some improvement in metabolic parameters

71
Q

In the Nutrition Efficacy Assessment, what is significant about the “7” rating?

A

If below 7, there is a very low chance of success without professional input

72
Q

What are the 3 interrelated domains of self-efficacy and behaviour change?

A

Having ….

1) Tactic task knowledge & related skills
2) Sense of confidence, even when faced with barriers
3) Confidence to succeed and execute behaviours within the given context

73
Q

What are the 4 strategies that may be used in increasing self-efficacy in our patient? (2P-RV)

A
  • Performance accomplishments
  • Persuasion
  • Reinterpreting symptoms
  • Vicarious experience (modeling)
74
Q

What is performance accomplishment?

A

-Trying new things and accomplishing them, even small accomplishments and successes can boost SE.

75
Q

What is vicarious experience/modelling?

A

Seeing/hearing success stories from those similar to you. Must show they obstacles and difficulties that they overcame.

76
Q

What is reinterpreting symptoms?

A

Some people have high emotional arousal, which tends to cause stress/inefficacy. This lowers inhibitions and may lead to poor healthy behaviour.

77
Q

What is persuasion?

A

Patients have encouragement and they hope and believe that they can a-chive goals. Affirmative words are better than praise

78
Q

What is an example of an affirmative encouragement?

A

Recognizing an underlying quality: “You are strong to cope with so much”

79
Q

What is a praise encouragement?

A

Someones judgement: “I think you are doing a good job”

80
Q

How can the effectiveness of verbal persuasion depend on?

A
  • Perceived expertness, trustworthiness or attractiveness of the source of information
81
Q

Example of performance accomplishment?

A

-Break task into small tasks, setting realistic goals and providing feedback

82
Q

Example of vicarious modelling?

A

Access to success stories, visual or video resources

83
Q

Example of reinterpretation of arousal?

A

Patients may believe that comfort food is necessary to cope with -ve emotion. Try connecting with other items for joy rather than food, validate feelings, eat mindfully.

84
Q

Example of verbal persuasion?

A

Start by encouraging small steps in behaviour change. Only in last resort should emphasize consequence of not changing behaviour.

85
Q

When should stress management be used?

A

Should be combined with Behaviour Change Therapy.

Clinical Nutrition 3 (30 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions