Behaviour management Week 3 (wk 10) Flashcards
What are some negative consequences for a child who has frequent tantrums? 📣
- harder to socialise
- distressing
- shame/embarrassment (e.g. for adults if they can’t control own behaviour, negative impacts on self-esteem)
What strategies can we use for a child who has frequent tantrums? 🔦)))
- time out (punishment) ⌚
- extinction (ignoring tantrums) 🐘
What challenges are evident for using behaviour management strategies (e.g. extinction and time out) on children with frequent tantrums? 🏔️
-both parents need to be consistent (or extinction won’t work)=intermittent reinforcement from one parent and not the other, will maintain tantrums for longer (undesirable behaviour)
^can cause conflict between parents
-can be uncomfortable providing punishments and ignoring behaviour
What would the progress be like for these behaviour management strategies (e.g. extinction and time out) for children who have frequent tantrums?
- Very slow 🐢
- may experience “extinction burst” 💥(need to educate parents on slow progress and that behaviour will be worse before it gets better)
Considerations for using behaviour management strategies with children
- Children like to feel SAFE (parents want child to feel love, doesn’t want them to be too “disciplined”) 💖
- Children like to have BOUNDARIES and CLEAR SIGNALS about how to behave and what behaviour is acceptable ⏺️ (uncertainty leads to anxiety, lack of structure feels unstable and out of control) e.g. imagine lecturer saying that they aren’t sure when this lecture will end
- They don’t like chaos or inconsistency (visual timetable, reinforce certain behaviours and not others)
Positive reinforcement ➕⬆️
-give something SO the behaviour is repeated
(consequence to someone’s behaviour becomes a positive reinforcer) 🎁
-add to strengthen behaviour
*part of operant learning (if behaviour “pays off”, it will
likely be repeated)
*e.g. child throws tantrum-> child receives
hugs/attention (R+)🤗 -> likely to do it again
Negative reinforcement ➖⬆️
-take something away SO the behaviour is repeated
(satiation or stopping of something negative/aversive)
-take away to strengthen behaviour
*e.g. shivering in lecture-> put a jumper on 👚 taking
away the cold
Punishment ➕➖⬇️
- reduction or elimination of behaviour through time
- positive punishment (increasing something they don’t like-e.g. stay back in class another 5 minutes for being disruptive)
- negative punishment (taking away something pleasant)-e.g. can’t watch favourite tv show
Difference between reinforcement ⬆️ and punishment ⬇️
RENFORCEMENT ⬆️
*Increase chance that behaviour will be repeated
*occurs after behaviour
*to strengthen and increase
*TWO types: positive (add) and negative (take away):
Positive=e.g. clean room-> new video game 💽
Negative=e.g. parents nag to clean your room-> you clean it to stop the nagging (feel relieved) 🗣️
PUNISHMENT ⬇️
*weaken response/decrease behaviour (not extinguish as that is extinction)
*TWO types: positive (add) and negative (take away)”
Positive=adding unpleasant consequence to decrease behaviour e.g. late to work-> undesirable shifts with bad coworkers 🧰
Negative=removing a pleasant consequence to decrease behaviour e.g. late to work-> take away employee discount 💸
Process of reinforcement ➕➖⬆️
Positive Reinforcement
- > Appetitive Stimulus (e.g. did dishes-> get chocolate)
- > onset reinforces response (satisfied with chocolate)
- > Positive reinforcement (do it more often)
Negative Reinforcement
- > Aversive stimulus (e.g. playing with wires-> electric shock)
- > offset reinforces response (shock-thrown backwards)
- > Negative reinforcement (stops playing with wires-> stops aversive thing)
Process of punishment ➕➖⬇️
Positive Punishment
- > Aversive stimulus (e.g. placing hanger into electric socket-> electric shock)
- > onset reinforced response (shock-thrown backwards)
- > Positive punishment (adding something undesirable-> a shock)
Negative punishment
- > Appetitive stimulus (e.g. swearing -> take away chocolate)
- > offset reinforces response (don’t get to have chocolate)
- > Negative punishment (something positive is being taken away)
Ethical considerations for punishment ➕➖⬇️
-STRONG punishment tends to elicit undesirable aggressive behaviour (e.g. negative punishment-> takes computer away-> more likely to start yelling)
*punishment must be approved/appropriate for managing behaviour
-Punishment has undesirable emotional side effects (e.g. crying, fearfulness, rage)
-ANY stimulus associated with punishment tends to become punishing (e.g. parents punish children-> child experiences stress seeing parents)
^^reinforce intermittently when they are not yelling and screaming for example=punishmet should be last resort -Punishment doesn’t teach right behaviour-> have to model, teach and then reinforce (punishment ONLY suppresses existing behaviour)
-Child model/imitate punishing adults (e.g. if parents yelling paid off, children are likely to see that and try it with other kids)
-Learning/observational learning
(sees a behaviour having a consequence, will do it as well)
-Punishers rely heavily on punishment because it results in quick suppression of undesirable behaviour (quick shut down but temporary=> parents also get positively reinforced if yelling pays off, for example)
*punishment should be last resort (e.g. high rates od returning back to jail)
