Behaviour change theories and adherence Flashcards
What is the health belief model
A model that explains and predicts health behaviours by focusing on an individuals perceptions of a health threat, including their perceived susceptibility to a disease, the severity of that disease, the benefits of taking action, and the barriers to taking action
It has 2 components - health threat (made up of perceived susceptibility and perceived seriousness) and health behaviour (made of benefits and barriers) - both which influence the decision to change
Describe the stages of the transtheoretical model of behavior change.
Contemplation - aware of problems, not sure WHAT to do
Preparation - actively seeking opportunities and trying new things
Action - changing beliefs and attitudes
Maintenance - empowered, actions are becoming habits, but still wants support
What factors impact exercise adherence?
Personal factors
-demographic variables e.g. age, gender, education, income
-personality varaibles - enjoyment, knowledge of exercise, self-efficacy
-behaviours - eating habits, past activity, smoking
Environmental factors
-social environment - exercise class size, group cohesion
physical environment - weather, time, distance from home
What is social support and is it/how is it important to behavior change?
Social support = network of people who can provide emotiona, informational or practical assistance
Important for behaviour change as it can increase motivation and chance of adopting new positive habits by offering encouragement, guidance, and accountability from friends, family etc
What type of exercise programs make exercise adherence difficult?
Too challenging
Overly restrictive
Too heavily focused on fitness data
Describe the self-determination theory.
Explains how people are motivated and how different types of motivation affect their well-being
Suggests that people have 3 basic psychological needs that are essential for growth and development
Autonomy - need to feel in control of ones behaviour and to have a choice
Competence - need to feel effective
Relatedness - need to feel connected to others and sense of belonging
SDT suggests that satisfying these needs promotes intrinsic motivation
Describe the ecological model.
Describes the complex interactions between multiple factors that affect health, behaviour or other outcomes
Factors include:
relationships (family, friends)
rules, regulations
community design
economic structures
Biological barriers to exercise programs
Health conditions
Age
Shortness of breath
Joint pain
Social barriers to exercise programs
Lack of support from family/friends
Feeling uncomfortable exercising in a group (due to perceived fitness levels, lack of access to inclusive activates, cultural expectations that discourage physical activity)
Socioeconomic status
Work demands
Physical barriers to exercise programs
Injury/fear of reinjury
Physical condition
Cognitive decline
What are some strategies and approaches to improve exercise adherence?
Reinforcement approaches - publicly chart attendance, providing feedback on progress
Cognitive-behavioural approaches - goal setting, exercise goals should be self set and not instructor set, flexible not fixed, balanced with other goals in life
What is affect? How is affect an important factor in exercise adherence?
Affect = state of mind that occurs in response to emotion
Positive emotions can motivate someone to exercise while negative emotions can act as a barrier, discouraging them from engaging in PA
What is health behaviour
Behaviour related to, or affecting health
what percentage of american adults meet aerobic activity guidelines
what percentage of american adults meet strengthening guidelines
47%
24%
What is the biomedical model
Focuses primarily on the physical causes and symptoms of disease and other health problems
