Behaviour and lifestyle

Question 1

Statistics about 18-34 year olds

Answer 1

61% do little to no exercise
50% are obese/overweight
21% smoke
20% have abnormal blood lipids levels
7.5% have high BP

Question 2

Statistics about medical student health

Answer 2

28% had burnout (mid-final year)
75% interns had burnout 8 months into internships
73% met criteria for psychiatric morbidity at least once

• Someone with 4 healthy lifestyle factors has 80% lower risk of developing chronic disease compared to someone with 0 healthy lifestyle factors

Question 3

Types/stages of preventative medicine

Answer 3

0. Primordial intervention
   - e.g. Gov policies that prevent risk factors
1. Primary intervention
   - In a healthy person, before diagnosis
   - Most effective and cheapest but hardest (patient motivation)
2. Secondary intervention
   - In an asymptomatic patient, after diagnosis
   - Early intervention, slowing progression
   - e.g. screening
3. Tertiary intervention
   - Established chronic disease
   - Rehab/preventing further complications

Question 4

BASK - health education intervention

Answer 4

Behaviour - what they do
Attitudes - what they believe
Skills - what can they do
Knowledge - what they know/understand

Question 5

ADEPT - changing habits

Answer 5

Awareness
Decision
Effort
Perseverance
Tolerance (discomfort)

Question 6

SMART - goal setting

Answer 6

Specific
Measurable
Attractive
Realistic
Timely

Question 7

Prochaska Di Clemente cycle

Answer 7

Pre-contemplation
Contemplation (motivational interviewing is helpful)
Preparation
Action
Maintenance
Relapse

Question 8

ESSENCE model

Answer 8

Education (health literacy)
Stress management
Spirituality
Exercise
Nutrition
Connectedness
Environment

Question 9

Aggression

Answer 9

• History of child abuse
• Overstimulation of the amygdala
• Underdevelopment of the prefrontal cortex