Behaviour and Attitudes Ch4 Week 3 Flashcards
attitudes are better predictors of behaviour when
social influences/external factors are minimal
-fear of criticism or guidance of a situation
strength of the attitude is high
-putting on seatbelt: automatic
-mindless and adaptive
the attitude is specific to the behaviour
principle of aggregation
The effect of an attitude on behaviour become more apparent when we look at a person’s aggregate or average behaviour rather than at isolated acts
implicit association test
uses reaction times to measure how quickly people associate concepts
implicit bias is pervasive and often unknown to the person
detractor for IAT
low test-retest reliability
theory of reasoned action + theory of planned behaviour
reasoned action: Knowing people’s intended behaviours and subjective norms (what we think other people think about our behaviour)
add self efficacy, get theory of planned behaviour
bringing attitudes to mind and thinking about them ____ predicability of actions
strengthens
how can behaviour affect attitudes
role playing
saying becomes believing
immoral/moral acts
engaging in small acts inconsistent with beliefs leads to larger actions that shape beliefs (foot-in-door, low-ball, door-in-face)
social movements
foot in the door phenomenon
get someone to do a bigger favour by getting them to do something small first that they are likely to say yes to
moral disengagement
believing victims of your behaviour deserve their fate
low ball technique
people agree to something attractive that may become less attractive (high price for engine add-on) but since they already agreed they keep going
character is reflected by
what we CHOOSE to do when no one is looking - internalize - affects attitude/morals
door-in-face
uses reciprocity
start big- say no, then ask for something smaller
request then moderation
what is an attitude
a psychological tendency that is expressed by evaluating a particular entity with some degree of favour is disfavour
the tripartite theory consists of
affect, behaviour and cognition all affecting one another
functions of behaviour
knowledge (stored in memory, helps simplify info processing)
utilitarian (guide us to goals and away from aversive events)
value-expressive (when we express, becomes more a part of who we are)
social adjustment (fit in with groups)
some reasons why attitudes are poor predictors of behaviour
hard to measure
dual attitudes exist
life is complicated and behaviours are affected by many things
sometimes we overthink our attitudes (introspection)
explicit vs implicit attitudes
explicit: conscious, system 2
implicit: unconscious, system 1
problem with explicit measures
social desirability bias
what are implementation intentions and how do they affect behaviour prediction?
when an individual precisely identified when and where the behavior is formed
influences following through with that action
insufficient justification
applies to cogn dissonance
when people act in ways that go against their beliefs when the reward is small, can lead to attitude shifts. They didnt have sufficient reason to act that way, so they tend to believe in the lie/thought/action more to resolve dissonance
cognitive dissonance
tension/dissonance we feel when behaviours and attitudes or thoughts don’t align
resolved by matching behaviour to attitudes or vice versa
justify to ourselves, or look for info that agrees with us (selective exposure)
choice justification
applies to cog dissonance
we justify our actions after the fact
effort justification
applies to cog dissonance
sunk cost fallacy
justifying time/effort/work we put into something, especially when the effort was unpleasant/dissapointing
self-affirmation theory
A theory that people often experience self-image threat after engaging in an undesirable behaviour, and they compensate for this threat by affirming another aspect of the self.
Threaten people’s self-concept in one domain, and they will compensate either by refocusing or by doing good deeds in some other domain.
