Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

biology, component 3 - part 2 > behaviour > Flashcards

behaviour Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is innate behaviour

A
  • present from birth

- genetically hard wired into the nervous system and produces responses for some basic survival function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are three innate behaviours

A
  • reflexes
  • kinesis
  • taxes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is a reflex

A

rapid automatic response to a stimulus to help improve chances of survival

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are taxes

A

whole organism moves in response to a stimulus where it moves either towards or away from the stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is kinesis

A

whole organism moves but the response is non-directional

moves faster and changes direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is a learned behaviour

A
  • animal develops response to a stimulus not present from birth
  • requires practice and is not always vital for survival
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the types of learned behaviour

A
  • habituation
  • imprinting
  • classical conditioning
  • operant conditioning
  • latent learning
  • insight learning
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is habituation

A

animal learns to ignore repetitive stimuli because it is not followed by a reward or punishment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is imprinting

A
  • young birds learn to follow first large moving object they see, since this is usually their mother, it protects them from harm and provides them with food
  • occurs during the critical period
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is classical conditioning

A

association between natural and artificial stimulus to bring about the same response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is operant conditioning

A

association between particular behaviour and a reward or punishment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is latent learning

A

animals observe other members of their species and remember to carry out those observed behaviours later in life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is insight learning

A

apparent ability to imagine a solution to a problem without trial and error

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is social learning

A
  • copying behaviours of other animals in the same species and social group
  • allows behaviour to be passed rapidly
  • can lead to cultural differences where behaviour may have originated with the innovation of an individual in the past
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is social behaviour

A
  • one individual will produce a sign stimulus which is detected by another and often triggers an innate response
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is sexual dimorphism

A

males and females look very different to clarify differences between sexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is sexual selection

A

evolutionary processes that favours an increase in the frequency of genes that confer a reproductive advantage

18
Q

what is male-male combat

A
  • victory and mating rights go to the most powerful competitor
  • explains male weapons and large body size
19
Q

what is female choice

A
  • only males that appeal to females’ notions of attractiveness will successfully mate
  • females mate with attractive males so they will produce attractive sons who are ore likely to also reproduce
20
Q

why is setting up a territory an advantage

A

helps to avoid conflict, as competition for resources is reduced, but animals must be prepared to patrol and defend their territory, and this can lead to conflict

21
Q

explain what is meant by courtship behaviour

A

process performed by males to attract females

22
Q

suggest a reason why animals engage in courtship behaviour before mating

A

to ensure they select the best mate and that their partner is ready to mate

23
Q

explain why courtship behaviour is often ritualised and involves stereotyped displays

A

to identify the same species

24
Q

explain why a male would defend a particular breeding territory against other males

A

to protect their area for females and help to reduce actual conflict

25
Q

describe a benefit of parental care

A

protection of offspring so offspring are more likely to survive and reproduce

26
Q

suggest a reason that the most caring parent is usually the female

A

males are more focused on reproducing

27
Q

what are the different groups called in a colony of social insects

A

castes

28
Q

what are the different groups in a honeybee colony

A

single fertile queen
several thousand sterile females
few hundred fertile male drones

29
Q

how does communication occur between individuals within a honeybee colony

A
  • pheromones
  • touch
  • dances
30
Q

when does a honeybee perform a round dance

A

when the food source is less than 70m from the hive but gives no indication of direction

31
Q

name the environmental reference used by honeybees to orientate for navigation

A

sun compass

32
Q

how does the bee communicate how close a food source is using the waggle dance

A

the speed of the waggle

33
Q

name the three types of social groups

A
  • egalitarian
  • despotic
  • linear - dominance hierarchies
34
Q

what is the structure of an egalitarian social group

A

all individuals have an equal rank

35
Q

what is the structure of a despotic social group

A

one member is dominant and all others are equally submissive

36
Q

what is the structure of a dominance hierarchy

A
  • linear

- higher ranking individuals are dominant over lower-ranking ones

37
Q

what is the advantage of a dominance hierarchy

A
  • decreases amount of individual aggression

- ensures resources are shared out so that the fittest survive

38
Q

where do dominance hierarchies exist

A

where animals are able to recognise each other as individuals and possess some ability to learn

39
Q

how is a dominance hierarchy maintained after being established

A
  • aggression as fighting is a last resort

- prior to fighting there is a series of ritualised actions - each reflex stimulated by sign stimulus of the other

40
Q

briefly describe the general conclusions of wolfgang kohler’s work

A
  • an example of insight learning
  • exploratory learning
  • banana on roof and boxes to help them reach

biology, component 3 - part 2 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions