behaviorist approach

Question 1

what do behaviourists study?

Answer 1

• behaviour that can be observed and measured

- tried to maintain control and relied on lab experimentation

Question 2

explain classical conditioning

Answer 2

• learning through association

- dogs that would salivate to the sound of a bell because they had associated it with food

Question 3

explain step 1 of classical conditioning

Answer 3

1. BEFORE:
   food = unconditioned stimulus
   salivation = unconditioned response

Question 4

explain step 2 of classical conditioning

Answer 4

2:BEFORE:
bell=neutral stimulus
no salivation= no conditioned response

Question 5

explain step 3 of classical conditioning

Answer 5

3.DURING:
bell + food= neutral/unconditioned stimulus
=salivation -unconditioned response

Question 6

explain step 4 of classical conditioning

Answer 6

4.AFTER:
bell= conditioned stimulus
salivation = conditioned response

Question 7

can you describe positive reinforcement?

Answer 7

receiving a reward when a certain behaviour is performed

Question 8

can you describe negative reinforcement?

Answer 8

-someone avoiding something unpleasant

Question 9

can you describe punishment?

Answer 9

-an unpleasant consequence of behaviour

Question 10

explain scientific credibility? (evaluation)

Answer 10

• behaviorist approach was able to bring other credible methods of science into psychology
• used controlled lab settings = replication
• gives science credibility and status
• strength

Question 11

explain real life application? (evaluation)

Answer 11

• operant conditioning has been used in real world eg. prisons
• by rewarding appropriate behaviour
• classical conditoning also used to treat phobias
• strength

Question 12

example of where operant conditioning has been used in the real world?

Answer 12

prisons and psychiatric wards

Question 13

explain the mechanic view (evaluation)

Answer 13

• animals including humans are seen as passive responders to environment,
• social learning theory recognised importance of mental events during learning
• weakness of the behaviourist approach

Question 14

what were the aims of little Albert case study?

Answer 14

-could fear of an animal be conditioned by presenting animal whilst creating a loud BANG to scare child

Question 15

what was the method of little Albert case study?

Answer 15

• placed in a room played with a white rat
• a steel bar was struck behind him
• after 7 pairing of 2 stimuli albert was presented with only the rat and was scared

Question 16

what were the findings from ‘little Albert’ study

Answer 16

• 3 weeks later Albert was presented with a white RABBIT and he became distressed
• successfully conditioned

Question 17

explain operant conditioning

Answer 17

-learning through consequences