Behaviorism: Audio-Lingual Method Flashcards
Behaviorism: Audio-Lingual Method
Audio-Lingual Method
A teaching ______ based on ______ ______ ______ . Made heavy use of ______ ( ______ and ______ ) and ______ , especially through ______ ______ in which ______ ______ in a ______ ______ is ______ varied with the ______ of having students acquire ______ ______ through ______ ______ .
Audio-Lingual Method
A teaching method based on behaviorist learning principles. Made heavy use of mimicry (listen and repeat) and memorization, especially through pattern drills in which one element in a sentence pattern is systematically varied with the aim of having students acquire grammatical patterns through habit formation.
Listen and saying method
Behaviorism: Audio-Lingual Method
Stimulus-response association
This is what ______ sees as the ______ ______ of ______ . Think of ______ - you ______ a ______ some ______ . It ______ . Each time you ______ ______ a ______ . ______ the ______ ______ ______ ______ with the ______ . Then you can ______ the ______ _____ (_____ ) and get the _____ (_____ ).
This is what behaviorism sees as the basic mechanism of learning. Think of Pavlov - you give a dog some meat. It salivates. Each time you also ring a bell. Eventually the bell ringing get paired with the salivating. Then you can apply the new stimulus (ringing) and get the response (salivating).
Mechanism to Conditioning
Behaviorism: Audio-Lingual Method
Conditioning:
______ ______ of ______ and ______ with ______ and ______ ______ and ______ ______ ______
Repeated pairing of stimulus and response with positive and negative reinforcement and frequent error correction
Behaviorism: Audio-Lingual Method
Who is B.F. Skinner?
Most important early ______ ______ . Developed a ______ of _____ (through animal experiments) based on_____ ______ through the ______ ______ of ______ ______ to ______ through ______ and ______ ., causing those ______ to become ______ and to become ______ associated with the ______ ______ them. This was the ______ of ______ such as the _____ -_____ ______ .
Most important early behaviorist theorist. Developed a theory of learning (through animal experiments) based on habit formation through the selective reinforcement of desired responses to stimuli through rewards and punishments., causing those responses to become habits and to become permanently associated with the stimulus evoking them. This was the foundation of methods such as the Audio-lingual Method.
Behaviorism: Audio-Lingual Method
Empiricism
View of ______ that sees the ______ of your ______ as ______ ______ from the ______ that ______ ______ ______ ______ . (Contrast: Rationalism).
View of learning that sees the contents of your mind as building up from the data that enter through your senses. (Contrast: Rationalism).
All of our knowledge through SENSES
Behaviorism: Audio-Lingual Method
Behaviorism
A theory in ______ that attempted to study ______ ______ ______ by ______ ______ ______ , and saw these as ______ by ______ ______ . It sought to ______ ______ as ______ up t ______ ______ resulting from ______ - ______ ______ . ______ ______ was the most famous American behaviorist.
A theory in psychology that attempted to study human functioning solely by studying observable behaviors, and saw these as determined by environmental stimuli. It sought to explain behavior as built up through conditioning resulting from stimulus-response associations. B.F. Skinner was the most famous American behaviorist.
Behaviorism: Audio-Lingual Method
Habit formation
For ______ , this is what learning is - a ______ gets ______ with a ______ ______ ______ that it becomes a ______ , and can then be said to have been ______ .
For behaviorism, this is what learning is - a stimulus gets paired with a response enough times that it becomes a habit, and can then be said to have been learned.
Behaviorism: Audio-Lingual Method
What are the beliefs of Behaviorism?
- Learners are ______ ______ ______; ______ ______ and ______ are ______ ______
- Language is ______ ______; ______ is ______ ______
- Empirical science ______ ______ the l ______ ______
- Learners are programmable biological machines; inner thoughts and feelings are not relevant
- Language is grammatical structure; learning is habit formation
- Empirical science can determine the learning sequence
*
Behaviorism: Audio-Lingual Method
What are the goals of Behaviorism?
- Strong emphasis on ______ of ______ ; ______ / ______ ______
- ______ ______ through ______
- Strong emphasis on mastery of pronunciation; oral/aural focus
- Perfect control through conditioning
Behaviorism: Audio-Lingual Method
What are the techniques for Behaviorism?
- ______ ______ ( ______ ______ of ______ of ______ ______ pattern)
- ______ ______ ______ (to ______ ______ ______ )
- Teacher ______ ______ ______
- Pattern drills (repetitive drilling of fragments of grammatical pattern)
- Immediate error correction (to prevent bad habits)
- Teacher controls all utterances
