Behavioral Theory

Question 1

What is classical conditioning?

Answer 1

A process where a neutral stimulus begins to elicit an unconditioned response when it previously hadn’t.

Question 2

Parts of classical conditioning

Answer 2

Unconditioned Stimulus
Unconditioned Response
Neural Stimulus

Question 3

What is unconditioned stimulus

Answer 3

A stimulus that creates an unconditioned response

Question 4

What is unconditioned response

Answer 4

A response to a stimulus

Question 5

What is neural stimulus

Answer 5

A object/thing that does not elicit an unconditioned response unless it is paired with an unconditioned stimuli.

Question 6

Behavioral Extinction

Answer 6

When the paired unconditioned response and unconditioned stimuli stops. Gradual decrease in response to the conditioned stimulus.

Question 7

Stimulus Discrimination

Answer 7

Learning to tell the difference between different stimuli, responding only to conditioned stimulus and not to similar stimuli.

Question 8

Stimulus Generalization

Answer 8

Conditioned responses can occur in response to stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus.

Question 9

What is reinforcement

Answer 9

Any process that increases the likelihood that a particular behavior will happen again.

Question 10

What is punishment

Answer 10

Anything that decreases the likelihood that a particular behavior will happen again

Question 11

Negative reinforcement

Answer 11

Anything that removes something from the environment that increases the likelihood of the behavior again.

Question 12

Positive reinforcement

Answer 12

Anything that adds something to the environment that increases the likelihood of the behavior occurring again.

Question 13

Negative punishment

Answer 13

Removing a pleasurable stimulus from the environment to decrease the likelihood that a behavior will decrease.

Question 14

Positive punishment

Answer 14

Adding an averse stimulus to the environment to decrease the likelihood of a behavior.

Question 15

Continious reinforcement

Answer 15

Reinforcing the desired response each time it occurs

Question 16

Partial reinforcement

Answer 16

Reinforcing a response only part of the time. Though results in slower acquisition in the beginning, shows greater resistance to extinction later on.

Question 17

Reinforcers and time

Answer 17

When a behavior never (or no longer) elicits a reinforcer, it is no longer performed, it is extinguishes (aka extinction)

Question 18

Fixed-ratio schedule

Answer 18

Reinforces a response only after a specified number of responses

Question 19

Varaible-ratio schedule

Answer 19

Reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses. Hard to extinguish because of unpredictability

Question 20

Fixed-interval schedule

Answer 20

Reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed

Question 21

Variable-interval schedule

Answer 21

Reinforces a response after an unpredictable time intervals. Produces slow steady responding

Question 22

Parts of behavioral assesment

Answer 22

• Identify goals for change
• Operationalize the behavior and thoughts
• Separate traits from behaviors
  Distinguish overt from covert behaviors
  Obtain a baseline
• Complete a functional analysis

Question 23

Operant behaviors

Answer 23

responses emitted without a

stimulus necessarily being present

Question 24

Operant conditioning involves…

Answer 24

Shaping and

reinforcing operant behaviors

Question 25

Shaping

Answer 25

Deliberately molding the organism’s responses
through series of reinforcements in order to achieve
a desired behavior