Behavioral Sciences Flashcards
Franz Gall
phrenology
Pierre Flourens
extirpation (removing parts of brain and measuring behavioral changes)
William James
Functionalism (how mental processes help individuals adapt to their environments)
John Dewey
criticized reflex arc
- believed psych should study organism as a whole as it functioned to adapt to environment
Paul Broca
examined behavioral deficits of people w/ brain damage
- Broca’s area
Hermann von Helmholtz
first to measure speed of a nerve impulse
Sir Charles Sherrington
first inferred existence of synapses
- thought synaptic transmission was electric ->its actually chemical
what are the 3 types of nerve cells and define them
- sensory neurons (afferent neurons) - transmit sensory info from receptors to CNS
- motor neurons (efferent neurons) - transmit motor info from CNS to muscles/glands
- interneurons - b/w other neurons, reflexive behavior
CNS vs PNS
CNS is brain/spinal cord; PNS is nerve tissue and fibers outside of CNS
SNS vs ANS
somatic is voluntary muscles; autonomic is involuntary
what is the order of layers from skin to brain?
skin, periosteum, bone, dura, arachnoid, pia
limbic system
emotion and memory
define functions of the following forebrain structures:
- cerebral cortex
- basal ganglia
- limbic system
- thalamus
- hypothalamus
- cerebral cortex - complex cognitive/behavioral processes
- basal ganglia - movement
- limbic system - emotion and memory
- thalamus - sensory relay station
- hypothalamus - hunger/thirst; emotion
components of midbrain and define functions
- inferior and superior colliculi - sensorimotor reflexes
define the functions of the following hindbrain structures:
- cerebellum
- medulla oblongata
- reticular formation
- cerebellum - refined motor movements
- medulla oblongata - vital functioning (breathing/digestion)
- reticular formation - arousal and alertness
regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF)
noninvasive, detects broad patterns of neural activity based on increased BF to diff parts of brain
computed tomography (CT)
multiple X-rays are taken at diff angles and processed by a computer to cross-sectional slice images of tissue
positron emission tomography (PET)
radioactive sugar is injected and absorbed into body, its dispersion and uptake throughout target tissue is imaged
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
uses magnetic field to interact w/ hydrogen and map out hydrogen dense regions of the body
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
uses same base as MRI, specifically measures changes associated w/ blood flow
- best for monitoring neural activity
define parts of hypothalamus and their functions
- lateral hypothalamus
- ventromedial hypothalamus
- anterior hypothalamus
- Lateral hypothalamus - triggers eating/drinking
- ventromedial hypothalamus - provides signals to stop eating
- anterior hypothalamus - controls sexual behavior
posterior pituitary
-what two hormones are released from it?
comprised of axonal projects from hypothalamus
- site of release of ADH and oxytocin
what does the pineal gland release? what does that do?
melatonin; regulars circadian rhythms
extrapyramidal system
gathers info about body position and carries it to CNS, but does not function directly through motor neurons