Behavioral Science - Psychotherapy I and II

Question 1

What are three nonspecific characteristics common to all forms of psychotherapy?

Answer 1

1. Formation of a therapeutic alliance
2. Expectation
   - -by seeking help, one will change
3. Hawthorne effect
   - -improvement as a result of receiving attention

Question 2

What kind of therapy focuses on the idea that unconscious conflicts are repressed and cause difficulty?

Answer 2

Psychoanalytical/Psychodynamic

Question 3

These techniques define what kind of psychotherapy?

Free association;
Analysis of transference;
Analysis of resistance;
Dream interpretation

Answer 3

Psychoanalytical/Psychodynamic therapy

Question 4

What are the two main goals of Psychoanalytical/Psychodynamic therapy?

Answer 4

Making the unconscious conscious (insight)

Understanding conflicts and behaviors

Question 5

Which type of therapy has a longer time course, Psychoanalytical or Psychodynamic?

Answer 5

Psychoanalysis is more long-term therapy and focuses on the past more than psychodynamic therapy.

Question 6

What are psychoanalysis and psychodynamic therapy used to treat?

Answer 6

1. Depression
2. Anxiety
3. Some personality disorders

Question 7

What type of therapy is being described?

The idea that problematic attachments early in life predispose one to develop disorders that are expressed through troubled interpersonal relationships in the present.

Answer 7

Interpersonal therapy

Goal is to correct interpersonal relationships

Question 8

What are the 4 major interpersonal problems mainly addressed in Interpersonal Therapy?

Answer 8

1. Loss and grief
2. Role disputes
3. Role transitions
4. Interpersonal deficits (for example role playing as part of the treatment process, used in adolescents)

Question 9

How long does Interpersonal therapy last?

Answer 9

12-16 sessions, short-term, with a focus on current relationships

Question 10

What kind of psychotherapy is indicated for depression and eating disorders equally?

Answer 10

Interpersonal therapy

Question 11

What is the main idea behind Family Systems therapy?

Answer 11

The whole family is the patient

Aim: to help improve the family’s relational health

Question 12

When id Family Systems therapy indicated?

Answer 12

Children with CD;
Families dealing with conflict;
Children with other behavior problems;
Teenagers with SUDs or eating disorders.

Question 13

What is the goal of Behavioral therapy?

Answer 13

Relieve symptoms by unlearning maladaptive behaviors

Question 14

The following techniques define what kind of psychotherapy?

1. Systematic desensitization
2. Aversive conditioning
3. Flooding/implosion
4. Token economy

Answer 14

Behavioral therapy

Based on classical conditioning and operant conditioning

Question 15

Give an example of aversive conditioning technique used in Behavioral therapy.

Answer 15

Alcohol ant-abuse

very much classical conditioning

Question 16

The token economy technique of behavioral therapy is used to treat what disorders?

Answer 16

ADHD
ODD
Psychotic disorders
Autism Spectrum disorder

Question 17

Systematic desensitization and Flooding are behavioral therapy techniques used to treat:

Answer 17

Phobias

classical conditioning

Question 18

What is Applied Behavioral Analysis and in what context is it employed?

Answer 18

ABA is like operant conditioning, helps to push or design or train social interaction in patients with autism spectrum disorder
Provide immediate reinforcement to the patient, ie popcorn for making eye contact etc.

Question 19

Define classical conditioning.

Answer 19

Phase 1: Unconditioned stimulus –> unconditioned response
Neutral stimulus is introduced with the unconditioned stimulus and elicits an orienting response

Phase 2: Neutral stimulus, followed by unconditioned stimulus –> unconditioned response

Phase 3: The now-conditioned response is all that is needed to elicit the new conditioned response

Question 20

What is the basic component of Operant Conditioning?

Answer 20

The Reinforcer - the stimulus event that increases the probability that the operant behavior will occur

Question 21

What is this? A stimulus that strengthens the response if it follows that response.

Answer 21

Positive reinforcer

Used in Operant Conditioning

Question 22

What is this? An unpleasant stimulus that, if removed, strengthens the response that removes the stimulus

Answer 22

Negative reinforcer

Used in Operant Conditioning

Question 23

Define this therapy technique:

Fixed number of responses required for reinforcement

Answer 23

Fixed ratio

Operant conditioning - partial reinforcement schedule

Question 24

Define this therapy technique:

Number of responses required for reinforcement varies.

Answer 24

Variable ratio

Operant conditioning - partial reinforcement schedule

Question 25

Define this therapy technique:

Fixed set of time must elapse before the next opportunity for reinforcement

Answer 25

Fixed interval
Operant conditioning - partial reinforcement schedule
example: paychecks

Question 26

Define this therapy technique:

Time interval that must elapse before the next opportunity for reinforcement varies

Answer 26

Variable interval
Operant conditioning - partial reinforcement schedule
example: gambling

Question 27

Define this therapy technique:
The presentation of an aversive stimulus, or the removal of a pleasant one following some behavior, which results in a decrease in the frequency of a response.

Answer 27

Punishment

Part of Operant Conditioning

Question 28

What is the difference between a negative reinforcer and punishment?

Answer 28

Negative reinforcement strengthens a behavior

Punishment weakens a behavior

Question 29

What is this therapy technique?

The patient visualizes a series of anxiety-provoking stimuli while remaining relaxed.

Answer 29

Systematic desensitization

Question 30

What is this therapy technique?

Direct exposure to a stimulus without the possibility of avoidance or escape

Answer 30

Flooding/implosion

Question 31

What is the goal of cognitive therapy?

Answer 31

The goal of cognitive therapy is to replace presumed distorted appraisals (driven by schemas) with more adaptive appraisals

Based on the idea that problems develop as a result of errors in thinking

Question 32

In what kind of therapy are the following techniques employed?
Monitoring of thoughts;
Recognizing the relations among cognition, behavior and affect;
Testing the validity of automatic thoughts;
Substitute more realistic cognitions;
Identify and later alter schemas that predispose people to think in negative ways.

Answer 32

Cognitive therapy

Question 33

How long does cognitive therapy typically last?

Answer 33

12-18 sessions

Useful in treating depression, anxiety disorders and eating disorders

Question 34

Coping skills therapies of CBT does what?

Answer 34

Focus on developing a repertoire of skills to manage stressors

Question 35

Cognitive restructuring methods of CBT aims to accomplish what?

Answer 35

Assume emotional distress is the consequence of maladaptive thoughts

Question 36

Problem solving therapies of CBT does what?

Answer 36

Combines coping skills and cognitive restructuring methods

Question 37

What is the 10-30-10 structure of a CBT session?

Answer 37

10 minutes for check-in;
30 minutes for therapeutic work;
10 minutes for summary and homework discussion

Question 38

CBT focuses on past, present or future?

Answer 38

Future experiences

Question 39

What is the mediational model behind CBT?

Answer 39

The idea that cognitive activity affects behavior