Behavioral Science Flashcards
Let's play name that month! When should a child..... 1. Sit up with support 2. Walk alone 3. Learns how to crawl 4. Determine which hand is dominant (show preference) 5. Walk up stairs
- 4 months
- 13 months
- 9 months
- 18 months
- 18 months
When is conformity most likely to be at its peak?
11-12 years of age
What are the 5 stages of adjustment/grief?
Denial Anger Bargaining Depression Acceptance
What are the 3 stages that children will go through when separated from a loved one- primary caregiver?
- Protest: 1st 2 weeks, crying, anger toward person when they return
- Despair: Protesting stops and sadness kicks in; withdrawn
- Detachment: Child will engage with others, will be angry toward caregiver, indifference upon caregivers return
Define a positive reinforcement
Adds a desirable stimulus and strengthens the probability that the response occurs again
Define a negative reinforcement
Removing something that will inevitably bring joy to the person and cause the response to occur again
Define a positive punishment
Adding something that will not cause the response to occur
Define a negative punishment
Taking something away that will not cause the response to occur
________ reinforcement; every response is followed by a reinforcement; fast learning and fast extinction
Continuous
_______ reinforcement; not every response is reinforced, learning is slower
intermittent
Describe a fixed interval schedule
At first, the responses are slow, but as the reinforcement gets closer, the responses start to happen at a faster rate
A _______ _________ schedule is one where the reinforcement is delivered at unpredictable time periods
Variable interval
What is a fixed ratio schedule? How does it compare to a variable ratio schedule?
A fixed ratio schedule is when the reinforcement is provided after a certain number of responses
A variable schedule you are not able to predict when the reinforcement is coming
Which ratio schedule has the HIGHEST RESISTANCE to extinction?
Variable ratio schedule
In a case regarding child abuse, what are some factors that need to be evaluated?
Degree of neglect, sexual exploitation, tissue damage, and mental cruelty
______ is a disorder where individuals use sexual fantasies or behaviors involving the acts of being humiliated, dominated, or made to suffer, in order to achieve climax
_______ is the disorder of the same but doing it to OTHERS
Masochism is self
Sadism is to others
A patient is new to therapy. When explaining her sessions to her husband, she states that the therapist makes her re-live traumatic experience while practicing meditation and relaxation practices. What behavioral modification is this an example of?
Systemic desensitization- imagining oneself in a fearful situation while using relaxation strategies to compete with the anxiety
_______ is the massive exposure of anxiety producing situations. If it is purely imagined it is called ________
Flooding is the massive exposure
Implosion is the imagined massive exposure
Define and give an example of shaping.
Shaping is reinforcing desired responses but making it a little bit harder or requiring more responses each time.
A boy with autism is rewarded when he says one word. Then eventually he is only rewarded when he says two words… etc
_______ is gradually removing the reinforcement without the patient becoming aware of the difference. Give an example of this
Fading
Patients receive pain meds after surgery, each dose is smaller and smaller
Nicotine patches get smaller and smaller in the amount of nicotine
What is the main defense mechanism that is seen in paranoid personality disorder?
Projection
What is the main mechanism that is seen in borderline personality disorder?
Splitting: seeing thing as either good or bad; both extreme
A college student is doing a presentation in front of her class. At the end of the presentation, somebody asks a question. When she tries to go answer the question, she is not able to remember one of the key facts of her presentation. What is this an example of?
Blocking: temporary, transient, block in thinking or an inability to remember
Happens in embarrassing moments
Define displacement as a defense mechanism and provide an example.
The target of an emotion or drive changes to a substitute target
Basically taking something out on someone else
