Behavioral Science Flashcards
Let's play name that month! When should a child..... 1. Sit up with support 2. Walk alone 3. Learns how to crawl 4. Determine which hand is dominant (show preference) 5. Walk up stairs
- 4 months
- 13 months
- 9 months
- 18 months
- 18 months
When is conformity most likely to be at its peak?
11-12 years of age
What are the 5 stages of adjustment/grief?
Denial Anger Bargaining Depression Acceptance
What are the 3 stages that children will go through when separated from a loved one- primary caregiver?
- Protest: 1st 2 weeks, crying, anger toward person when they return
- Despair: Protesting stops and sadness kicks in; withdrawn
- Detachment: Child will engage with others, will be angry toward caregiver, indifference upon caregivers return
Define a positive reinforcement
Adds a desirable stimulus and strengthens the probability that the response occurs again
Define a negative reinforcement
Removing something that will inevitably bring joy to the person and cause the response to occur again
Define a positive punishment
Adding something that will not cause the response to occur
Define a negative punishment
Taking something away that will not cause the response to occur
________ reinforcement; every response is followed by a reinforcement; fast learning and fast extinction
Continuous
_______ reinforcement; not every response is reinforced, learning is slower
intermittent
Describe a fixed interval schedule
At first, the responses are slow, but as the reinforcement gets closer, the responses start to happen at a faster rate
A _______ _________ schedule is one where the reinforcement is delivered at unpredictable time periods
Variable interval
What is a fixed ratio schedule? How does it compare to a variable ratio schedule?
A fixed ratio schedule is when the reinforcement is provided after a certain number of responses
A variable schedule you are not able to predict when the reinforcement is coming
Which ratio schedule has the HIGHEST RESISTANCE to extinction?
Variable ratio schedule
In a case regarding child abuse, what are some factors that need to be evaluated?
Degree of neglect, sexual exploitation, tissue damage, and mental cruelty
______ is a disorder where individuals use sexual fantasies or behaviors involving the acts of being humiliated, dominated, or made to suffer, in order to achieve climax
_______ is the disorder of the same but doing it to OTHERS
Masochism is self
Sadism is to others
A patient is new to therapy. When explaining her sessions to her husband, she states that the therapist makes her re-live traumatic experience while practicing meditation and relaxation practices. What behavioral modification is this an example of?
Systemic desensitization- imagining oneself in a fearful situation while using relaxation strategies to compete with the anxiety
_______ is the massive exposure of anxiety producing situations. If it is purely imagined it is called ________
Flooding is the massive exposure
Implosion is the imagined massive exposure
Define and give an example of shaping.
Shaping is reinforcing desired responses but making it a little bit harder or requiring more responses each time.
A boy with autism is rewarded when he says one word. Then eventually he is only rewarded when he says two words… etc
