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Clinical Psychology > Behavioral Model > Flashcards

Behavioral Model Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the origins of the behavioral approach?

A
  1. Classical Conditioning
  2. Learning Theory
  3. Systematic Desensitization
  4. Operant Tradition
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2
Q

What are the important factors in the techniques of behavior therapy?

A
  1. Broad Spectrum Behavioral Therapy

2. SORC Model

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3
Q

What is the broad spectrum behavioral therapy?

A

Broad spectrum behavioral therapy is a form of “technical eclecticism” wherein the practitioner relies on not only strictly behavioral techniques, such as desensitization or assertive training, but also on more traditional strategies, such as interpretation, reflection, cognitive restructuring, as well as the relationship aspects of therapy.

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4
Q

What does the SORC model stand for?

A

Stimulus
Organismic
Response
Consequences

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5
Q

What are the characteristics of the SORC model?

A
  1. Relationship of therapist and client
  2. Use of multiple techniques
  3. Detailed analysis
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6
Q

What are the procedures for systematic desensitization?

A
  1. History of the problem
  2. Determining treatment
  3. Assessing the appropriateness
  4. Briefing the patient
  5. Relaxation training
  6. Development of the anxiety hierarchy
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7
Q

What are the relaxation techniques for systematic desensitization?

A
  1. Muscle tensing then release
  2. Possible use of hypnosis
  3. Breathing exercises
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8
Q

What are the characteristics of the anxiety hierarchy?

A
  1. Difficulties identified
  2. Ordered by anxiety level
  3. Low to moderate to extreme
  4. Relaxation practiced at each level of hierarchy
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9
Q

What is the rationale of the systematic desensitization therapy?

A
  1. Counterconditioning: the substitution of relaxation for anxiety
  2. Extinction of behaviors: when the patient repeatedly visualizes anxiety-generating situations but without ensuing bad experiences, the anxiety responses are eventually extinguished
  3. Habituation
  4. Positive reinforcement
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10
Q

What happens in the exposure therapy?

A
  1. Client placed into anxiety causing situation
  2. External cues
  3. Interoceptive cues for panic
  4. Exposure and response prevention
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11
Q

What are the requirements for exposure therapy?

A
  1. Long Durations
  2. Repetition to extinction
  3. Graduated Process
  4. Interaction with Stimuli
  5. Exposure must provoke anxiety
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12
Q

What is behavioral rehearsal?

A
  1. A technique to expand a patient’s repertoire of coping behaviors
  2. Practice the behavior for eventual integration into real life
  3. Origins in psychodrama
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13
Q

What are the characteristics of fixed role playing?

A
  1. Therapeutic emotional release

2. Altering cognitive structures

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14
Q

What are the stages of exposure therapy?

A
  1. Prepare the patient
  2. Target specific situations
  3. Actual rehearsal
  4. Patient’s utilization of skills in real-life situation
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15
Q

What are the characteristics of assertiveness training?

A
  1. One application of behavioral rehearsal
  2. Stems from anxiety due to timid coping
  3. Sexual issues, depression, marital conflicts
  4. Cognitive self statements enhance effects of training
  5. Aim is not to teach aggression, but rather how to express one’s feelings without trampling on the rights of others
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16
Q

What is contingency management?

A
  1. Changing behavior by manipulating consequence

2. Common with children and adolescent forms

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17
Q

What is the shaping/successive approximation?

A

Attempts at a desired behavior are rewarded until it is achieved.

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18
Q

What is time out?

A

Removal of patient from environment in which unwanted behavior is reinforced?

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19
Q

What is contingency contracting?

A

Agreement between patient and therapist specifying consequences of behaviours.

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20
Q

What is the token economy?

A
  1. Clear and specific definition of expected behavior
  2. Clearly establushed reinforcer
  3. Back up reinforcer
  4. Committed supervision
  5. Detailed record keeping
  6. Children and residential care patients
  7. Considerations
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21
Q

What is the aversion therapy?

A
  1. Electroshock
  2. Emetic drugs
  3. Controversial/ethical concerns
  4. Series of treatments
  5. Negative stimuli applied to cause change
  6. Covert sensitization
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22
Q

What is the CBT?

A
  1. Modify thought patterns
  2. Empirically supported
  3. Social learning theory
  4. Sense of self efficacy
  5. Active process
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23
Q

What is modeling?

A
  1. Observational learning
  2. Used often to eliminate unwarranted fears
  3. Videotape modeling
  4. Written instructions
24
Q

When is modeling best and most efficient?

A

It is best and most efficient when…

a. Subject attends to model
b. Patient retains the information provided by model
c. Patient performs modeled behavior
d. Motivation to use behavior

25
Q

What is rational restructuring?

A
  1. Relabeling of situations, more realistically
  2. Modification of the internal “self-talk”
  3. Rational Emotive Therapy (RET)
26
Q

What is the rational emotive therapy (RET) characterized by?

A
  1. Beliefs (B)
  2. Activating events (A)
  3. Consequences (C)
  4. Therapist as a teacher; correct “illogical” thinking
27
Q

What is the stress inoculation testing (STI)?

A

Prevent problems by “inoculating” clients to ongoing and future stressors

28
Q

What are the stages of stress inoculation testing?

A
  1. Conceptualization
  2. Skill acquisition & rehearsal
  3. Application
29
Q

What are the usages of stress inoculation testing?

A
  1. Rape/ assault traumas
  2. PTSD
  3. Anger issues
30
Q

What is Beck’s Cognitive Theory?

A
  1. Utilizes cognitive & behavioral methodology
  2. Modify dysfunctional patterns
  3. Cognitive therapy
31
Q

What are some techniques of the Beck’s Cognitive Theory?

A
  1. Increase pleasurable activities
  2. Cognitive rehearsal
  3. Assertiveness training/role playing
  4. Identify maladaptive, automatic thoughts
  5. Challenge these
  6. Search for alternative solutions or ways of coping
32
Q

What is the diaclectical behavioral therapy?

A

Used primarily with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)

33
Q

What are the four skills training modules of DBT?

A
  1. Mindfulness – to be aware of the moment, focused, nonjudgmental
  2. Emotional regulation – identifying and dealing with emotions
  3. Distress tolerance – learning to cope with stress
  4. Interpersonal effectiveness – how to deal with conflict, get needs met, say no to unwanted demands
34
Q

What are the sample traditions of the behavioral model?

A
  1. Identify characteristics of interest

2. Assume these traits carry over to non-test situation

35
Q

What are the sign traditions of the behavioral model?

A
  1. Inference about performance or response

2. Symbolic of other characteristics

36
Q

Who was involved in the Functional Analysis?

A

B.F. Skinner

37
Q

What did B.F. Skinner emphasize?

A
  1. Precise analysis of stimuli that precede behavior and consequences that follow
  2. Learned behaviors
  3. Influence of consequence
  4. Precise description
38
Q

What are the precise descriptions in B.F. Skinner’s functional analysis?

A
  1. Antecedent conditions
  2. Consequent events
  3. Can use this knowledge to understand motive and after behavior
39
Q

What is the SORC Model?

A

A model for conceptualizing clinical problems from a behavioral perspective

40
Q

What kind of process is the behavioral assessment?

A

It is an ongoing process.

41
Q

What happens in the behavioral assessment before, during, and after?

A
  1. Diagnostic formulations
  2. Patient environment
  3. Continual, thorough assessment
42
Q

What happens in the behavioral interview?

A
  1. Define ultimate outcomes
  2. Identify chain of changes necessary to achieve outcomes
  3. Short term vs. long term
  4. Structured diagnostic interviews are also an option
43
Q

What are the goals of the behavioral interview?

A
  1. Identify SORC Variables
  2. Therapy
  3. Establish patient
44
Q

What must be established in the patient?

A
  1. Expectations
  2. Strengths
  3. Past attempts
45
Q

What is the naturalistic observational method?

A
  1. Direct observation
  2. Ethical standards
  3. Infrequently used in clinical contexts
  4. Requires reliability and validity
46
Q

What is the home observational method?

A
  1. Mealtime Family Interaction Coding
  2. Use of a videotaped interaction of the entire family eating together
  3. Trained coders watch and rate the family using 6 rating scales (task accomplishment, affect management, interpersonal involvement, behavioral control, communication, roles)
47
Q

What is the school observational method?

A
  1. Influence of untrained observers

2. Direct Observation Form

48
Q

What is the Direct Observation Form?

A
  1. Used to asses problem behaviors in school settings
  2. Accessors rate frequency of 88 problem items during several observation periods in morning and afternoon
  3. Helpful in forming diagnostic formulations
49
Q

What is the hospital observational method?

A
  1. More controlled environment
  2. Time Sample Behavior Checklist
  3. High inter-observer reliability
50
Q

What is the time sample behavior checklist?

A
  1. Observations made at regular intervals

2. Daily behavioral profile can be constructed by compiling observations

51
Q

What is the controlled observational method?

A
  1. Clinical or natural settings
  2. Environment is “designed”
  3. Trigger specific behaviors so they can be observed
  4. Situational testing
52
Q

What is the parental-adolescent conflict?

A
  1. Interaction Behavior Code (IBC)
  2. Audiotaped discussions of families attempting to solve an issue about which they disagree
  3. Behaviors rated and summary scores calculated
53
Q

What is the controlled performance technique?

A
  1. Contrived situations that allow for control and standardization
  2. Used for phobia therapy
  3. Behavioral avoidance: series of tasks requiring increasing threatening interactions
  4. Fear arousal assessed in addition to behavior
  5. Influence of researcher can be an issue
54
Q

What is self-monitoring?

A
  1. Records of emotion, thought, behavior
  2. Frequency, duration, intensity
  3. Show stimulus & triggers
  4. Dysfunctional Thought Records: a compilation of the patient’s automatic thoughts
  5. Can be inaccuracies in self-reports
  6. Resistances
55
Q

What is the complexity of behavior?

A

Higher complexity, higher unreliability

Clinical Psychology (10 decks)

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