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ANSC Exam 2 > Beef Cattle Industry > Flashcards

Beef Cattle Industry Flashcards

1
Q

What is the largest enterprise in the US

A

Beef

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2
Q

what percentage of beef raised here are sold here

A

90%

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3
Q

what percentage of global beef does the US produce

A

20%

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4
Q

Species name (2)

A

Bos Taurus, Bos Indicus

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5
Q

What breeds are included in Bos Taurus

A

British breeds, Exotic breeds

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6
Q

Breed of Bos Indicus and characteristics

A

Brahman

  1. heat tolerant
  2. hump
  3. floppy ears
  4. parasite resistant
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7
Q

Examples of British breed

A

Black Angus, Hereford, Shorthorn

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8
Q

Characteristics of black angus

A

polled, moderately framed, maternal traits

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9
Q

Hereford characteristics

A

red body with white face, polled or horned, docile, hardy

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10
Q

Shorthorn characteristics

A

red, white, roan, dual purpose

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11
Q

Continental Breeds

A
  1. Limousin
  2. Charolais
  3. Gelbuieh
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12
Q

3 segments in the Beef Industry

A
  1. Cow/Calf
  2. Backgrounders/ Stockers
  3. Feedlot production (Commercial and Farmer Feeder)
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13
Q

Cow/ Calf segment

A
  1. Feeder calves- 6-7 months of age

2. Seedstock- replacement heifers and yearling bulls

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14
Q

Backgrounders/ Stockers

A
  • Not all calves go through this stage
    1. High forage diet to gain 1.5-2 lb/day
    2. Pasture
    3. Not trying to finish cattle, just grow them
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15
Q

Feedlot production

A
  1. Commercial CAFO feeders
    - 1,000 to 100,000 head of cattle
    - owned by corporations
  2. Farmer Feeder producers
    - less than 1000 head
    - upper midwest
    - owned by family farms
    - 30% of feedlot cattle
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16
Q

3 types of finishing operations

A
  1. Grainfed
  2. Grass fed
  3. Organic
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17
Q

Grain fed operation

A
  1. primarily corn-based ration, 10-20% roughage
  2. branded programs like CAB
  3. Naturally raised, no hormones, antibiotics, vegetarian diet
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18
Q

Grass fed operations

A

finished on all forage, no grain

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19
Q

3 types of growth promoters

A
  1. Ionophores
  2. Implants
  3. Beta Agonist
20
Q

Ionophores

A
  1. Monensin
  2. Lasalosaid
    All of these are feed additives
21
Q

Implants

A

Natural or synthetic hormones
Implanted in ear
Partition more energy to muscle instead of fat

22
Q

Beta agonist

A

Ractopomine
feed additive last 30 days of finishing
Partition more energy to muscle instead of fat

23
Q

Weight of finished market steer

A

1300-1350 lbs

24
Q

Carcass weight of steer

A

800-850 lbs

25
Q

What is the dressing percentage of beef

26
Q

Percentage of retail weight

27
Q

4 largest packing industries

A

Tyson
JBS
Cargill
National Beef

28
Q

4 stages of production

A
  1. Post Calving Early Lactation
  2. Lactation Early Pregnancy
  3. Mid gestation
  4. Late Gestation
29
Q

Post Calving Early Lactation

A
  1. first 82 days post partum
  2. Postpartum anestrus averages 60 days
  3. lactate to maintain calf
  4. undergo uterine involution
  5. start estrus 40-60 days
  6. conception at end of this stage
    HIGH nutrient requirements
    ** calve in april and may
30
Q

Lactation Early Pregnancy

A

Starts with conception

  1. 83-205 days post partum
  2. start at conception to start of 2nd trimester
  3. mid to late lactation
  4. uses pasture to maximize the use of animal harvested forage
31
Q

Mid gestation

A

206-315 days postpartum

  1. start of this stage is weaning
  2. mid gestation=dry period
  3. lowest nutrient requirement
32
Q

Late gestation

A
  1. 315-365 days postpartum
  2. 3rd trimester has most fetal growth
  3. preparing for lactation and calving
  4. 2nd highest nutrient requirement
33
Q

Methods for calf weaning

A
  1. Truck- most stressful, separate calves by truck and take to sale
  2. drylot- remote weaning, stressful
  3. Fence line- on pasture across from cows
  4. 2 stage weaning- least stressful, uses a tool in the nose
34
Q

How old are calves when they are weaned

A

200-205 days

35
Q

What is BRD and what are the symptoms

A

Bovine Respiratory Disease

  1. discharge from noes eyes and mouth
  2. coughing and heavy breathing
  3. depression, anorexia
  4. fever
  5. Abortions and reproductive issues
36
Q

What is the mortality and morbidity rates of BRD

A

50-70% mortality

75% morbidity

37
Q

How much loss does BRD cause

A

$800-900 million annually

38
Q

3 Reproductive diseases

A
  1. Infectious Bovine Rhinotrachetisis (IBR)
  2. Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD)
  3. Leptospriosis (Lepto)
39
Q

Clostridial

A
  1. 7 way vaccine for bacterial infections

2. black leg, redwater, tetanus, entrotozemia

40
Q

Pink eye

A

bacteria- moraxella bovis

left untreated they can go blind

41
Q

3 Nutritional Disorders

A
  1. Bloat
  2. Ruminal Acidosis
  3. Polioecephalomalacia (PEM)
42
Q

Bloat

A

Frothy- grazing cattle

Gaseous- feedlot cattle

43
Q

Ruminal Acidosis

A

Low ruminal pH, rapid starch fermentation

44
Q

PEM

A

Thiamin deficiency, sulfur toxicity

Burp themselves to death

45
Q

3 major issues within the beef industry

A

Numbers:

  1. cost of beef in retail
  2. meeting the demand
  3. age of cattle producers

Welfare Issues

  1. castration
  2. dehorning
  3. branding
  4. use of growth promotors

Food safety

  1. BSE: madcow
  2. e coli O157:H7
46
Q

Beef industry organizations for producers

A

National Cattlemans Beef association (NCBA)
–Policy and regulations
Beef improvement Federation (BIF)
–genetic improvement

47
Q

Check off beef people

A

State beef councils
Beef Quality Assurance
Masters of Beef Advocacy

ANSC Exam 2 (4 decks)

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