BEDAH 1 Flashcards

1
Q

katergori triage hijau

A
  • CM, pasien bisa berjalan

- pengobatan dapat ditunda <24 jam

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2
Q

Kategori triage kuning

A
  • tidak bisa berjalan
  • hemodinamik stabil
  • dapat ditunda <1 jam
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3
Q

kategori triage merah

A
  • emergency
  • gg ABCDE, hemodinamik tidak stabil
  • harus ditangani dalam 15 menit
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4
Q

dosis resusitasi cairan pada hemodinamik stabil dan tidak stabil

A

tidak stabil: kristaloid 10-20 ml/bb/ jam (pre shock), 20ml/bb/ jam (shock)

stabil: holiday segar: 1500 + (BB-20) x 20

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5
Q

penanganan pada circulation and bleeding control

A
  1. cairan
  2. bleeding control: jahit, klem, bebat tekan
  3. farmakologi: as. traneksamat dan vit K
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6
Q

dd/ riwayat trauma kepala

A

cedera kepala
fraktur basis cranii
perdarahan intrakranial

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7
Q

tipe perdarahan intrakranial

A

EDH
SDH
SAH
ICH

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8
Q

penyebab dan dx khas EDH

A
  • ruptur A. meningea media
  • lucid interval
  • CT scan: lesi hiperdens bikonveks/cembung
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9
Q

penyebab dan dx khas SDH

A
  • ruptur a. bridging vein
  • late onset (riwayat trauma udah lama, baru ada keluhan)
  • CT Scan: hiperdens bulan sabit
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10
Q

Penyebab dan Dx khas SAH

A
  • ruptur a. vertebrobasiler
  • rangsang meningeal +
  • CT Scan: hiperdens stelata
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11
Q

penyebab dan DX khas ICH

A
  • ruptur A. Cerebri

- CT scan: hiperdens hemisfer cerebri ( korteks, basal ganglia, tentorium, dll)

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12
Q

terapi awal perdarahan intrakranial

A
  • resusitasi ABCDE

- simptomatik

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13
Q

terapi tepat perdarahan intrakranial

A
  • manitol 20% 0.25 - 1 g selama 30 min (atau NaCl 3%)

- rujuk: operatif

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14
Q

kategori dan dx cedera kepala

A

CKR: GCS 13-15
CKS: GCS 9-12
CKB: GCS <9

pp: CT Scan non contrast
- tidak ada kelainan: comusio cerebri (gegar)
- salt n pepper app: contusio cerebri (memar)

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15
Q

gx fraktur basis cranii per regio

A

anterior: rhinorea/ epistaksis, racoon eye
media: otorea, battle sign
posterior: penkes

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16
Q

pemeriksaan awal dan tepat pada fraktur basis cranii

A

awal: CSF (halo sign +)
tepat: ro submentovertex: garis fraktur
GOLD: CT Scan non kontras

17
Q

dd/ trauma thorax

A

pneumothorax
hematothorax
flail chest

18
Q

px dan ro khas pneumothorax

A
  • pf: perkusi hipersonor
  • ro:
    hiperlusen, corakan avaskular
    pleural line +
19
Q

px dan ro khas hematothorax

A
  • pf: perkusi redup
  • ro: efusi pleura
    opasitas homogen di inferior, sudut costofre tumpul, meniscus sign +
20
Q

px dan ro khas flail chest

A
  • pf: krepitasi, pernapasan paradoksal

- ro: fraktur 3 costae

21
Q

tx pneumothorax

A

tx awal bergantung etiologi

  1. open: plesteri 3 sisi
  2. ventil: needle decomp, torakosintesis

tx definitif: WSD

22
Q

teknik WSD dan needle decomp

A

WSD: ICS 5/4 mid axillaris

needle decomp: iCS 2/3 mid clavicula (atau sama kayak WSD)

23
Q

tx hematothorax

A

awal: posisi semifowler 45, torakosintesis/ pungsi pleura
tepat: WSD
definitif: torakotomi (darah >1500cc)

24
Q

tx flail chest

A

awal: analgetik narkotik (lidokain)
tepat: ORIF