BEATRIZSANTILLANES Flashcards
CHAPTER 14 VOCAB AND SENTENCES
Interest Group
DEFINITION: A collection of people or organizations that tries to influence public policy.
SENTENCE: An organization benefits greatly when its interest group persuades the government to allow it to regulate itself.
American Anti-Slavery Society
DEFINITION: A major interest group, founded in 1833, to advocate for the abolition of the institution of slavery throughout the United States.
SENTENCE: By 1838, the American Anti-Slavery Society had about 250,000 members.
Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)
DEFINITION: A public interest group created in 1874 with the goal of outlawing the sale of liquor. Its activities included prayer groups, protest marches, lobbying, and the destruction of saloons.
SENTENCE: The WCTU´s activities took conventional and unconventional forms, which included organizing prayer groups, lobbying for prohibition legislation, conducting peaceful marches, and engaging in more violent protests such as the destruction of saloons.
The Grange
DEFINITION: Founded in 1867 as an educational organization for framers, The Grange evolved into the first truly national interest group by working to protect the political and economic concerns of farming communities and rural areas.
SENTENCE: Although its charter formally stated that the Grange was not to involve itself in politics, in 1876 it formulated a detailed plan to pressure Congress into enacting legislation favorable to farmers.
Lobbyist
DEFINITION: Interest group representative who seeks to influence legislation that will benefit his or her organization or client through political and/or financial persuasion.
SENTENCE: The Central Pacific Railroad sent its own lobbyist to Washington D.C. in 1861, where he eventually became the clerk of the committees of both houses of Congress.
Progressive Movement
DEFINITION: A broad group of political and social activists from the 1890s to the 1920s who opposed corruption in government, supported regulation of monopolies, and sought improvement of socioeconomic conditions.
SENTENCE: Progressive era groups ranged from those rallying for public libraries and kindergartens to those seeking better labor conditions for workers, especially for women and children.
Public Interest Group
DEFINITION: An organization that seeks a collective good that if achieved will not selectively and materially benefit group members.
SENTENCE: Certainly the largest category, economic interest groups include organizations that represent big business, such as the U.S. Chamber of Commerce and the National Association of Manufacturers .
American Federation of Labor (AFL)
DEFINITION: Founded in 1886, the AFL brought skilled workers from several trades together into one stronger national organization for the first time. It merged in 1955 with the Congress of Industrial Organizations to form the AFL-CIO.
SENTENCE: As the AFL grew in power, many business owners began to press individually or collectively to quash the unions.
National Association of Manufacturers (NAM)
DEFINITION: An organization founded in 1895 by manufacturers to combat the growth of organized labor.
SENTENCE: NAM first became active politically in 1913 when a major tariff bill was under congressional consideration.
U.S. Chamber of Commerce
DEFINITION: A major pro-business lobbying group founded in 1912.
SENTENCE: NAM, the chamber of commerce, and other trade associations, groups representing specific industries, were effective spokespersons for their member companies.
Trade Association
DEFINITION: A group that represents a specific industry.
SENTENCE: Trade associations planned elaborate and successful litigation campaigns to overturn key regulations affecting business.
Jerry Falwell
DEFINITION: A Southern Baptist minister who, in 1978, founded the conservative religious interest group the Moral Majority.
SENTENCE: Falwell now heads the Liberty Alliance, established in 1991, and is the author of several faith-based books.
Moral Majority
DEFINITION: A conservative religious interest group credited with helping to mobilize conservative Evangelical Christian voters from its founding in 1978 through the presidency of Ronald Reagan (1981-1989).
SENTENCE: The Moral Majority group dissolved in the late 1980s.
Pat Robertson
DEFINITION: A Southern Baptist minister and television evangelist who ran for president in 1988 and in 1989 founded the conservative religious interest group the Christian Coalition.
SENTENCE: After the groups dissolved, to fill the void, Pat Robertson formed the christian coalition.
Christian Coalition
DEFINITION: A religious interest group founded in 1989 to advance conservative Christian principles and traditional values in American politics.
SENTENCE: Each election cycle, the group distributes tens of millions of voter guides in evangelical churches throughout the United States.
