BEATRIZSANTILLANES

Question 1

Abraham Lincoln

Answer 1

Sixteenth president of the United states, the first elected Republican president, who served from 1861-1865. Lincoln who led the Union during the Civil War, was assassinated in 1865 by a Confederate sympathizer, John Wilkes Booth.

Question 2

Andrew Johnson

Answer 2

Seventeenth president of the United States, a Republican, who served from 1865 to 1869. Johnson had served as Abraham Lincoln’s vice president and became president after Lincoln’s assassination.

Question 3

Barack Obama

Answer 3

The first African American president of the United States, a Democrat, whos served as forty-fourth president from 2009 to 2017. Senator from illinois from 2005 to 2008; member of the illinois Senate from 1997 to 2004.

Question 4

Barron v. Baltimore (1833)

Answer 4

Supreme Court ruling that, before the Civil War, limited the applicability of the Bill of Rights to the federal government and not to the states.

Question 5

Bill of Attainder

Answer 5

A law declaring an act illegal without a judicial trial.

Question 6

Block Grant

Answer 6

A large grant given to a state by the federal government with only general spending guidelines.

Question 7

Calvin Coolidge

Answer 7

Thirtieth president of the United States, a Republican, who served from 1923 to 1929.

Question 8

Categorical Grants

Answer 8

Grants that appropriate federal funds to states for a specific purpose.

Question 9

Civil War

Answer 9

The military conflict from 1861 to 1865 in the United States between the Northern forces of the Union and the Southern forces of the Confederacy Over 600,000 Americans lost their lives during this war.

Question 10

Charter

Answer 10

A document that, like a constitution, specifies the basic policies, procedures, and institutions, of local government. Charters for local governments must be approved by states legislatures.

Question 11

Concurrent Powers

Answer 11

Powers shared by the national and state government.

Question 12

Confederate States of America

Answer 12

The political system created by the eleven states that seceded from the Union during the Civil War, which ceased to exist upon the Union victory

Question 13

Programmatic Requests

Answer 13

Federal funds designated for special projects within a state or congressional district; also called earmarks.

Question 14

Lyndon B. Johnson (LBJ)

Answer 14

Thirty-Sixth president of the United States, a Democrat, who served from 1964 to 1969. LBJ led the nation during the Civil Rights era and the Vietnam War.

Question 15

Great Society

Answer 15

Reform program begun in

Question 16

Confederation

Answer 16

Type of government in which the national government derives its powers from the states; a league of independent states.

Question 17

Iroquois Confederacy

Answer 17

A political alliance of American Indian tribes established in the seventeenth century that featured aspects of the federal system of government adapted by the Framers.

Question 18

Monarchy

Answer 18

A form of government in which power is vested in hereditary kings and queens who govern the entire society.

Question 19

Totalitarianism

Answer 19

A form of government in which power resides in leaders who rule by force in their own self-interest and without regard to rights and liberties.

Question 20

Oligarchy

Answer 20

A form of government in which the right to participate depends on the possession of wealth, social status, military position, or achievement.

Question 21

Democracy

Answer 21

A system of government that gives power to the people, whether directly or through elected representatives.

Question 22

Federal System

Answer 22

System of government in which the national government and state governments share power and derive all authority from the people.

Question 23

Unitary System

Answer 23

System of government in which the local and regional governments derive all authority from a strong national government.

Question 24

Enumerated Powers

Answer 24

The powers of the national government specifically granted to Congress in Article I, section 8 of the Constitution.

Question 25

Implied Powers

Answer 25

The powers of the national government derived from the enumerated powers and the necessary and proper clause.

Question 26

Tenth Amendment

Answer 26

The final part of the Bill of Rights that defines the basic principle of American federalism in stating that the powers not delegated to the national government are reserved to the states or to the people.

Question 27

Reserved Powers

Answer 27

Powers reserved to the states by the Tenth Amendment that lie at the foundation of a state’s right to legislate for the public health and welfare of its citizens.

Question 28

Ex Post Facto Law

Answer 28

Law that makes an act punishable as a crime, even if the action was legal at the time it was committed.

Question 29

Full Faith and Credit Clause

Answer 29

Section of Article IV of the Constitution that ensures judicial decrees and contracts made in one state will be binding and enforceable in any other state.

Question 30

Privileges and Immunities Clause

Answer 30

Part of Article IV of the Constitution guaranteeing that the citizens of each state are afforded the same rights as citizens of all other states.

Question 31

Extradition Clause

Answer 31

Part of the Article IV of the Constitution that requires states to extradite, or return, criminals to states where they have been convicted or are to stand trial.

Question 32

Interstate Compacts

Answer 32

Contracts between states that carry the force of law; generally now used as a tool to address multistate policy concerns.

Question 33

Dillon’s Rule

Answer 33

A premise articulated by Judge John F. Dillon in 1868 which states that local governments do not have any inherent sovereignty and instead must be authorized by state governments that can create or abolish them.

Question 34

Counties

Answer 34

The basic administrative units of local government.

Question 35

Municipalities

Answer 35

City governments created in response to the emergence of relatively densely populated areas.

Question 36

Special District

Answer 36

A local government that is restricted to a particular function.

Question 37

John Marshall

Answer 37

The longest-serving Supreme Court Chief Justice, Marshall served from 1801 to 1835. Marshall’s decision in Marbury v. Madison (1803) established the principle of judicial review in the United States.

Question 38

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

Answer 38

The Supreme Court upheld the power of the national government and denied the right of a state to tax the federal bank, using the Constitution’s supremacy clause. The court’s broad interpretation of the necessary and proper clause paved the way for later rulings upholding expansive federal powers.

Question 39

Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)

Answer 39

The Supreme Court upheld broad congressional power to regulate interstate commerce. The Court’s broad interpretation of the Constitution’s commerce clause paved the way for later rulings upholding expansive federal powers.

Question 40

Roger B. Taney

Answer 40

Supreme Court Chief Justice who served from 1835-1864. Taney supported slavery and states’ rights in the pre-Civil War era.

Question 41

Dual Federalism

Answer 41

The belief that having separate and equally powerful levels of government is the best arrangement, often referred to as layer-cake federalism.

Question 42

Nullification

Answer 42

The belief in the right of a state to declare void a federal law.

Question 43

John C. Calhoun

Answer 43

A politician and political theorist from South Carolina who supported slavery and states’ rights in the pre-Civil War era and served as vice-president from 1825 to 1832.

Question 44

Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)

Answer 44

A supreme court decision that ruled the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional and denied citizenship rights to enslaved African Americans. Dred Scott heightened tensions between the pro-slavery South and the abolitionist North in the run up to the Civil War.

Question 45

Secession

Answer 45

A unilateral assertion of independence by a geographic region within a country. The eleven Southern states making up the confederacy during the Civil War seceded from the United States.

Question 46

Reconstruction

Answer 46

The period from 1865-1877 after the civil war, in which the U.S. militarily occupied and dominated the eleven former states of the Confederacy.

Question 47

Sixteenth Amendment

Answer 47

Amendment to the U.S. constitution that authorized Congress to enact a national income tax.

Question 48

Seventeenth Amendment

Answer 48

Amendment to the U.S. constitution that made senators directly elected by the people, removing their selection by states legislatures.

Question 49

Herbert Hoover

Answer 49

Thirty-first president of the United States, a republican, who served from 1929 to 1933 during the start of the Great Depression.

Question 50

Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR)

Answer 50

Thirty-second president, a Democrat, who served from 1933 to 1945. FDR’s leadership took the United States through the Great Depression and World War II.

Question 51

New Deal

Answer 51

The name given to the program of “Relief, Recovery, Reform” begun by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1933 to bring the United States out of the Great Depression.

Question 52

Cooperative Federalism

Answer 52

The intertwined relationship between national, state, and local governments that began with the New Deal; often referred to as marble-cake federalism.

Question 53

Progressive Federalism

Answer 53

A pragmatic approach to federalism that views relations between national and state governments as both coercive and cooperative.