BD+C terms

Question 1

IPD

Answer 1

Integrated Project Delivery; AIA’s IPD is a contractual agreement with the Owner, designer and


Question 2

Simple Box Energy Model

Answer 2

a preliminary “simple box” energy modeling analysis before the completion of schematic design that explores how to reduce energy loads in the building and accomplish related sustainability goals by questioning default assumptions.

Question 3

Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS)

Answer 3

the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) maintains detailed maps with soil data identifying soil as prime, unique, or of state significance.

Question 4

phase two environmental assessment

Answer 4

a phase two environmental site assessment demonstrates that contamination is present.

Question 5

main logistics hub

Answer 5

defined as an airport, seaport, intermodal facility, or freight village with intermodal transportation.

Question 6

walkshed boundary

Answer 6

The walkshed conveys a representation of walkability that is customized to the school address.

Question 7

ZEV

Answer 7

To encourage building users to invest in green vehicles like a hybrid or zero emission vehicle (ZEV)

Question 8

EPA Construction General Permit (CGP)

Answer 8

Where EPA is the permitting authority, construction storm water discharges are almost all permitted under the CGP.The CGP requires compliance with effluent limits and other permit requirements, such as the development of a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP).Three different categories of action identified within the CGP must be followed for every project: erosion and sedimentation control, stabilization, and pollution prevention.

Question 9

Riprap

Answer 9

is rock or other material used to armor shorelines, streambeds, bridge abutments, pilings and other shoreline structures against scour and water or ice erosion.

Question 10

Silt Fence

Answer 10

a temporary sediment control device used on construction sites to protect water quality in nearby streams, rivers, lakes and seas from sediment (loose soil) in stormwater runoff.

Question 11

Phase I ESA

Answer 11

The Phase I ESA must comply with ASTM E1527-05 procedures. Typical actions include review of historical records, site visit, interviews, and a full report documenting findings. No collection of physical samples or chemical analysis is done. LEED considers a Phase I ESA valid for 180 days.

Question 12

Solar Detoxification

Answer 12

Solar detoxification uses the ultraviolet energy in sunlight to destroy contaminants.

Question 13

Natural Land Cover Condition

Answer 13

Manage on site the annual increase in runoff volume from the natural land cover condition to the post-developed condition.

Question 14

Riparian Buffers

Answer 14

is a vegetated area (a “buffer strip”) near a stream, usually forested, which helps shade and partially protect a stream from the impact of adjacent land uses. It plays a key role in increasing water quality in associated streams, rivers, and lakes, thus providing environmental benefits.

Question 15

Uplighting

Answer 15

Uplighting is any light emitted above the horizontal plane of the fixture

Question 16

Light Trespass

Answer 16

Light trespass is light extending beyond the lighting boundary.

Question 17

Full Cut-Off

Answer 17

full cut-off’ meaning that there is a shield over the bulb which directs the light at the ground rather than up into the clouds.

Question 18

Horticulture Therapy

Answer 18

is the practice of engaging people in plant or gardening activities to improve their bodies, minds, and spirits. Research confirms that healthful benefits accrue when people connect with plants by viewing, planting, growing, and/or caring for them.

Question 19

Blowdown/bleed-off

Answer 19

Blowdown or bleed-off: When water evaporates from the tower, dissolved solids (such as calcium, magnesium, chloride, and silica) are left behind. As more water evaporates, the concentration of dissolved solids increases. If the concentration gets too high, the solids can cause scale to form within the system or the dissolved solids can lead to corrosion problems. The concentration of dissolved solids is controlled by blowdown. Carefully monitoring and controlling the quantity of blowdown provides the most significant opportunity to conserve water in cooling tower operations.

Question 20

Cooling Tower Cycles

Answer 20

Many systems operate at two to four cycles of concentration, while six cycles or more may be possible. Increasing cycles from three to six reduces cooling tower make-up water by 20% and cooling tower blowdown by 50%.

Question 21

Cycles Of Concentration

Answer 21

From a water efficiency standpoint, you want to maximize cycles of concentration, which will minimize blowdown water quantity and reduce make-up water demand.Dissolved solids increase as cycles of concentration increase, which can cause scale and corrosion problems unless carefully controlled.

Question 22

Drift

Answer 22

A small quantity of water may be carried from the tower as mist or small droplets. Drift loss is small compared to evaporation and blowdown, and is controlled with baffles and drift eliminators.

Question 23

Make-Up Water

Answer 23

The sum of water that is lost from the tower must be replaced by make-up water: Make-up equals Evaporation plus Blowdown plus DriftSince dissolved solids enter the system in the make-up water and exit the system in the blowdown water, the cycles of concentration are also approximately equal to the ratio of volume of make-up to blowdown water.

Question 24

Ashrae Guideline 0-2005 & Ashrae Guideline 1.1–2007

Answer 24

ASHRAE Guideline 0-2005 and ASHRAE Guideline 1.1–2007 for HVAC&R Systems, as they relate to energy, water, indoor environmental quality, and durability. This is the guide that will be followed when commissioning the required systems.

Question 25

Monitoring Based Commissioning (Mbcx)

Answer 25

monitoring-based commissioning. Monitoring based commissioning - or MBCx - is the integration of three components: permanent energy monitoring systems, real-time energy analysis, and ongoing commissioning.

Question 26

Building Enclosure Commissioning (Becx)

Answer 26

The Building Enclosure Commissioning (BECx) process is utilized to validate that the design and performance of materials, components, assemblies and systems achieve the objectives and requirements of the owner. The BECx process achieves this through experience, expertise, modeling, observation, testing, documenting and verifying materials, components, assemblies and systems to validate that both their use and installation meet the owner’s requirements. The process uses performance oriented practices and procedures to verify that the project is achieving the Owner’s Project Requirements (OPR) throughout the delivery of the project.

Question 27

Ashrae 90.1-2010

Answer 27

All spaces must now have automatic shut-off control
􏰀 The lighting power density has to be reduced an average of 17% in different space types
􏰀 Every spaces has to have vacancy or occupancy sensors to 50% or less of the lighting power
􏰀 Exterior lighting must be turned off or operated at a reduced level during daylight hours
􏰀 When a stairway is vacant the lights have to be reduced by at least 50%
􏰀 Automatic daylight control is a requirement, so for daylight zones the lights have
to be under automatic control
􏰀 All installed controls must be tested, like making sure the occupancy sensors and timers work

Question 28

Direct Emissions vs. Indirect Emissions

Answer 28

Direct emissions, scope 1, are emissions from fuel that is directly burned at your building, for example natural gas that may be combusted to heat your property.

Indirect emissions, scope 2, are emissions associated with energy purchased from a utility, for example emissions associated with the generation of electricity or district steam.

Question 29

Blighted

Answer 29

Blighted properly is defined as neglected, rundown or deteriorated, sufficient to constitute a threat to human health, safety, and public welfare.”

Question 30

Extended Producer Responsibility (Epr)

Answer 30

Extended producer responsibility or EPR, is better known as a take-back program. EPR means that a manufacturer has established measures to reclaim its products at the end of their useful life and to recycle them into the same product in a “closed loop.”

Question 31

Ashrae 62.1

Answer 31

The main point here is that ASHRAE 62.1 identifies minimum ventilation rates for the IEQ prerequisite baseline, whereas ASHRAE 90.1 identifies minimum construction specifications for the EA prerequisite baseline.

Question 32

Ashrae 52.2

Answer 32

ASHRAE 52.2 addresses the filtration media in depth.

Question 33

Daylight Autonomy

Answer 33

daylight autonomy, or sDA—the percentage of the “work plane” that is above 300 lux (28 footcandles) at least 50% of the time during occupied hours over the course of a whole year. The concept of “daylight autonomy” means designing a space such that it maximizes the amount of useful daylight, thereby minimizing the need for electric light. In mathematical terms, daylight autonomy is the percentage of annual work hours during which all, or part, of the lighting needs can be met through daylighting alone.

Question 34

CBECS database

Answer 34

The Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS) is a national sample survey that collects information on the stock of U.S. commercial buildings, their energy-related building characteristics, and their energy consumption and expenditures.

Question 35

functional entry

Answer 35

a building opening designed to be used by pedestrians and open during regular business hours. It does not include any door exclusively designated as an emergency exit, or a garage door not designed as a pedestrian entrance.

Question 36

time-of-use pricing

Answer 36

an arrangement in which customers pay higher fees to use utilities during peak time periods and lower fees during off-peak time periods

Question 37

A Phase I environmental site assessment (ASTM E1527–05)

Answer 37

is a nonintrusive survey that identifies potential or existing site contamination. It determines the likelihood of contamination in the soil, groundwater, and surface water and considers potential contaminants in buildings and structures on the site.

Question 38

A Phase II ESA (ASTM E1903–11)

Answer 38

involves collection and testing soil, soil vapor, groundwater, and building material samples to determine whether and how much contamination exists on the site.

Question 39

A Phase III ESA (not an ASTM standard)

Answer 39

can be a first step in the site remediation process. It includes more extensive sampling and testing than a Phase II ESA to determine the extent of the contamination identified in the Phase II assessment. Because the report includes an evaluation of remediation options, costs, and logistics, it may be more useful than a Phase II ESA for projects with known site contamination.

Question 40

reference soil

Answer 40

a soil native to the project site, as described in Natural Resources Conservation Service soil surveys (or a local equivalent survey outside the United States), or undisturbed native soils within the project’s region that have native vegetation, topography, and soil textures similar to the project site.

Question 41

extensive vegetated roof

Answer 41

a roof that is covered with plants and typically not designed for general access. Usually an extensive system is a rugged green roof that requires little maintenance once established. The planting medium in extensive vegetated roofs ranges from 1 to 6 inches in depth.

Question 42

intensive vegetated roof

Answer 42

roof that, compared with an extensive vegetated roof, has greater soil volume, supports a wider variety of plants (including shrubs and trees), and allows a wider variety of uses (including human access). The depth of the growing medium is an important factor in determining habitat value.

Question 43

zero lot line project

Answer 43

plot whose building footprint typically aligns or nearly aligns with the site limits

Question 44

appurtenance

Answer 44

a built-in, nonstructural portion of a roof system. Examples include skylights, ventilators, mechanical equipment, partitions, and solar energy panels.

Question 45

evapotranspiration

Answer 45

the combination of evaporation and plant transpiration into the atmosphere. Evaporation occurs when liquid water from soil, plant surfaces, or water bodies becomes vapor. Transpiration is the movement of water through a plant and the subsequent loss of water vapor.

Question 46

alternative daily cover (ADC)

Answer 46

material other than earthen material placed on the surface of the active face of a municipal solid waste landfill at the end of each operating day to control vectors, fires, odors, blowing litter, and scavenging. Generally these materials must be processed so they do not allow gaps in the exposed landfill face. (CalRecycle)

Question 47

LEED Boundary

Answer 47

The LEED boundary is the portion of the project site submitted for LEED certification. For single-building developments, this is the entire project scope and is generally limited to the site boundary. For multiple building developments, the LEED project boundary may be a portion of the development as determined by the project team. (-USGBC)

Question 48

Adaptations

Answer 48

The process of making adaptations to existing ratings systems and their credits provides an efficient and streamlined approach for responding to the particular needs, constraints, and opportunities of different project types.

Question 49

Interpretations

Answer 49

LEED Interpretations are official answers to formal technical inquiries about implementing LEED on a project. These help project teams understand how projects can meet LEED requirements and provide clarity on existing options.

Question 50

Who are responsible for OPR, BOD, Cx

Answer 50

The owner is responsible for updating the OPR throughout the project if changes are made.

The design team is responsible for the BOD.

The CxA is responsible for the Cx plan.

Question 51

At a minimum, certain specific systems must be commissioned for fundamental commissioning. These systems include:

Answer 51

• Heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and HVAC
• Lighting & daylighting controls
• Domestic hot water systems
• Renewable energy systems (wind, solar, etc.)

Question 52

Thermal Comfort Control

Answer 52

For thermal comfort control, 50% of individual occupant spaces must have individual comfort controls and all shared multi-occupant spaces must have thermal comfort control.