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T2 - BioChem midterm 1 > BC - unit 5 > Flashcards

BC - unit 5 Flashcards

1
Q

3 biocompounds of nucleic acid

A

heterocyclic nitrogen base
pentose
phosphate

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2
Q

2 types of pentose

A

ribose

deoxyribose

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3
Q

pentose is the ___ portion of the nucleic acid

A

sugar

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4
Q

___ ___ is a precursor for ATP

A

adenosine monophosphate

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5
Q

ribose is a ___ ring

A

furan

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6
Q

2 -OH on ribose are for?

A

joining a nucleotide

identifying ribose from deoxyribose

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7
Q

what 2 nucleotides are purines

A

adenine

guanine

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8
Q

what 3 nucleotides are pyrimidines?

A

cytosine
uracil
thymine

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9
Q

AUCG –>

A

DNA

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10
Q

AUCG–>

A

RNA

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11
Q

monomers of nucleic acid store and transfer ___ for biochemical reactions like ____ and ___

A

energy
ATP
GTP

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12
Q

monomers of nucleic acids form ____ ____ like cAMP and cGMP

A

secondary messengers

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13
Q

monomers of nucleic acids form some _____

A

coenzymes

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14
Q

coenzymeshelp change conformation of ____

A

proteins

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15
Q

FMN/FAD is a coenzyme that is a derivative of vit ____

A

B2

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16
Q

NAD/NADP is a coenzympe that is a derivative of vit ____

A

B3

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17
Q

CoASH is a coenzyme that is a derivative of vit ____

A

B5

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18
Q

monomers of nucleic acids ___ some molecules

A

activate

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19
Q

polymers of nucleotides form ___ and ___

A

DNA

RNA

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20
Q

RNA contains a ___

A

ribose

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21
Q

DNA contains a ____

A

deoxyribose

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22
Q

deoxyribose has ___ OH

A

one

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23
Q

ribose has __ OH

A

2

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24
Q

purines possess a __-ring heteronitrogen structure

A

2

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25
Q

4 purines that occur in nucleic acids or their metabolites

A

adenine (A)
Guanine (G)
Xanthine (X)
Hypoxanthine (Hx)

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26
Q

3 purines that occur in foods

A

caffeine
theophylline
theobromine

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27
Q

pyrimidines possess a __-ring heteronitorgen structure

A

1

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28
Q

1 pyrimadine that is found in both RNA and DNA

A

Cytosine (C)

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29
Q

1 pyrimidine that is found in only DNA

A

Thymine (T)

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30
Q

1 pyrimidine that is found in only RNA

A

Uracil (U)

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31
Q

Ribose occurs in ____

A

RNA

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32
Q

deoxyribose occurs in ____

A

DNA

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33
Q

RNA stands for?

A

ribonucleic acid

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34
Q

DNA stands for?

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

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35
Q

nucleoside is ____ ____ + ___

A

nitrogen base + pentose

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36
Q

nucleotide is ___ + ____

A

nucleoside + pentose

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37
Q

___ is a monomer of nucleic acid

A

nucleotide

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38
Q

synthetic bases have altered ___ ___ or ___

A

nitrogen bases

sugars

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39
Q

synthetic nitrogen bases, nucleosides or nucleotide analogs are used as drugs to treat ___, prevent ____ reactions in organ transplants or suppress ___ growth

A

cancer
immunological
viral

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40
Q

mechanisms of action for synthetics:

  • inhibit ___ of nucleic acid synthesis
  • incorporate into __ and alter subsequent ___ synthesis
A

enzyme
DNA
DNA

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41
Q

5-fluorouracil is a ___ analog

A

thymine

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42
Q

5-fluorouracil blocks ___ synthesis

A

pyrimidine

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43
Q

5-iodo-2’-deoxyuridine is a ____ analog

A

thymidine

44
Q

5-iodo-2’-deoxyuridine blocks ____ kinase

A

thymidine

45
Q

5-iodo-2’-deoxyuridine is a ___ treatment

A

cancer

46
Q

5-fluorouracil is a ___ treatment

A

cancer

47
Q

AraC is a ___ analog

A

cytidine

48
Q

AraC is ___ treatment

A

cancer

49
Q

Allopurinol i a ___ analog

A

purine

50
Q

Allopurinol blocks ___ ___ synthesis

A

uric acid

51
Q

Allopurinol is a ___ treatment

A

gout

52
Q

AZT is a ___ analog

A

thymidine

53
Q

AZT is used to block the replication of the ___ virum

A

HIV

54
Q

AZT is used for the ____/_____ of AIDS

A

prevention

delay

55
Q

DNA is a ____phosphate ____nucleotides

A

mono

deoxy

56
Q

4 nucleotides of DNA

A

A
T
G
C

57
Q

the head of DNA has a free ____ called the __ ___ or ___ ___

A

phosphate
5’ phosphate
5’ end

58
Q

the tail of DNA has a free ____ group on the 3’-carbon of the deoxyribose of the last nucleotide called the ___ ___ or __ ___

A

-OH
3’ hydroxyl
3’end

59
Q

____ bonds: connects monomers together

A

phosphodiester

60
Q

____ bond: bond that holds phosphates together, like in ATP, ADP

A

phophoanhydride

61
Q

DNA is usually ___ helix formed by base pairs attached to a ___-___ backbone

A

double

sugar-phosphate

62
Q

double helix is usually ____-____

A

anti-parallel

63
Q

__ form of DNA is predominant in humans: ____ handed

A

B

right

64
Q

double helix maintained by ___ bonds between nitrogen bases

A

hydrogen

65
Q

A bonds with T with _ H-Bonds

A

2

66
Q

C bonds with C with ___ H-bonds

A

3

67
Q

are H-bonds strong?

A

no

68
Q

denaturation

A

melting the proteins and DNA

69
Q

if incubated in a buffer it will ___ or ___

A

renature

hybridize

70
Q

central dogma

A

DNA –> RNA —> proteins

71
Q

____: segment of DNA that serves as a template for the biosynthesis of RNA

A

gene

72
Q

since DNA is double stranded, 1 base is called a ___

A

base pair

73
Q

___: the gene DNA from which mature RNA is made

A

exon

74
Q

___: the part of RNA that is removed

A

intron

75
Q

transcription

A

DNA –> RNA

76
Q

DNA gives off 2 strands for transcription

A

template

coding

77
Q

template strand is the ___ strand

A

sense

78
Q

coding strand is the ____ strand

A

antisense

79
Q

strand is always ___ stranded, coded ___–> ___, and ___-____

A

single
5–>3
antiparallel

80
Q 
when RNA is coded"
A goes with \_\_\_\_
T goes with \_\_\_\_
C goes with \_\_\_\_
G goes with \_\_\_\_
A

U
A
G
C

81
Q

RNA is ___ stranded

A

single

82
Q

3 types of RNA

A

rRNA
mRNA
tRNA

83
Q

rRNA stands for___ RNA and accounts for __% of total RNA

A

ribosomal

75

84
Q

mRNA stands for ___ RNA and accounts for __% of total RNA

A

messenger

5

85
Q

tRNA stands for ___ RNA and accounts for __% of total RNA

A

transfer

20

86
Q

ribosomal RNA brings the ____ for protein synthesis

A

machinery

87
Q

messenger RNA is the _____

A

template

88
Q

transfer RNA brings in the ___ ___ to the machinery

A

amino acid

89
Q

4 classes of rRNA based on size

A

5S
5.8S
18S
28S

90
Q

ribosomal RNAs bind protein to form ___

A

ribosomes

91
Q

40S ribosomes formed from ___ rRNA and protein

A

18S

92
Q

60S ribosomes from ___, ___, and ___ rRNA and protein

A

5S
5.8S
28S

93
Q

40S and 60S form ___ ribosomes, to anchor ___, aminoacyl ___ and the growing ___

A

80S
mRNA
tRNA
protein

94
Q

mRNA contains the __ for directing the sequence of amino acids of a polypeptide (protein)

A

codon

95
Q

each mRNA has a __ at the 5’ end which is 7-methylguanosine triphosphate (___)

A

cap

GmTP

96
Q

following the cap on the mRNA is an ____ codon ___

A

initiation

AUG

97
Q

AUG codes for

A

Methionine

98
Q

a tail of an mRNa at the ___ end is made of many adenosine monophosphate called a ___-__ ___

A

3’

poly-A tail

99
Q

___: three monophosphate nucleotides that code for a particular amino acid

A

codon

100
Q

the size of each mRNA varies according to the size of the ___ gene

A

respective

101
Q

tRNA is very ___

A

small

102
Q

tRNA has a ___ structure

A

cloverleaf

103
Q

tRNAs transfer the amino acids to the ___ site where protein synthesis is taking place

A

ribosomal

104
Q

at least ___ tRNAs

A

20

105
Q

____: Matches a codon on mRNA

A

anicodon

T2 - BioChem midterm 1 (5 decks)

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