BB1 Flashcards
draw on a spinal column, the location of:
DCML (both parts)
spinocerebellar tract
spinothalamic tract
anterior corticospinal tract
lateral corticospinal tract
how do you distinguish betweeen the lateral horn and the cervical spine?
Thoracic – very similar to cervical spine, but lateral horn is visible and makes it easy to distinguish between the two
what would be the effects of brown-sequard lesion if on the left?
ipsilateral effects? [3]
contralateral effects? [1]
Ipsilateral deficits:
- *Corticospinal** tract – paralysis
- *DCML** – vibration, fine sensation
- *Spinocerebellar** – proprioception
Contralateral deficits:
Spinothalamic –pain, temperature and crude touch
what is babinki’s sign and what does it test?
Babinski sign:
- When you apply pressure / painful stimuli in the plantar site of the food, the toes will open out (extend)
The normal response; should be flexion of fingers
- This is normal in the babies as the CNS is not fully formed
Once the CNS is formed, the descending UMN inhibit this reflex
If UMN are damaged, the reflex is uninhibited and you can elicit it in a neurological examination
where does damage occur for a UMN lesion? [2]
which spinal tract does this occur in? [1]
is damage on contralateral or ipsialteral side of UMN lesion?
Damage can occur at the brain or at the spinal cord (damage to the grey matter - descending tracts)
The damage is usually at the corticospinal tract, but can occur in other descending tracts as well = As the corticospinal tract decussates in the medulla, any damage to the spinal cord will lead to ipsilateral signs
what are the symptoms of UMN? [2]
Weakness (but no paralysis / atrophy) as secondary motor neurones are intact
Hyperreflexia – inhibitory UMN usually regulate the reflex intensity. Therefore, if they get damaged, there is higher intensity of the reflex.
what is Horners syndrome characterised by? [3]
Typically, Horner syndrome results in a decreased pupil size, a drooping eyelid and decreased sweating on the affected side of your face.
