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Biohazards & Zoonoses > BB Ch25 - Zoonoses > Flashcards

BB Ch25 - Zoonoses Flashcards

1
Q
  1. T or F: Smallpox (Orthopoxvirus) naturally occurs in NHPs?
A

False

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2
Q
  1. What is the genus for the Monkeypox virus?
A

Orthopoxvirus

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3
Q
  1. Monkeypox naturally occurs in animals from which continent?
A

Africa

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4
Q
  1. What animals have recently been identified as a host and significant reservoir of Monkeypox?
A
  1. Squirrel (Funisciurus and Heliosciurus)
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5
Q
  1. What are the clinical signs of Monkeypox in NHPs?
A
  1. Fever, followed by cutaneous eruptions, especially on limbs 4-5 days later
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6
Q
  1. Clinical signs of Monkeypox in humans?
A
  1. Fever, malaise, headache, backache, prostration, abdominal pain, lymphadenopathy, rash
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7
Q
  1. What is the genus for the Benign Epidermal Monkeypox (BEMP) virus?
A

Yatapoxvirus

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8
Q
  1. Give another name for BEMP.
A

Tanapox

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9
Q
  1. What are the clinical signs of BEMP?
A
  1. Epidermal and adnexal red lesions on eyelids, face, body, genitalia
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10
Q
  1. Differentiate between BEMP and Yaba lesions.
A
  1. BEMP lesions are in the epidermis and adnexal structures, while Yaba is subcutaneous
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11
Q
  1. What are the similarities between BEMP and Yaba lesions?
A
  1. Both have eosinophilic, intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies
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12
Q
  1. What is the genus for the Yaba virus?
A

Yatapoxvirus

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13
Q
  1. What is the genus for the Orf (Contagious Ecthyma) virus?
A

Parapoxvirus

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14
Q
  1. Orf affects which animals?
A

Sheep and goats

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15
Q
  1. How is Orf transmitted?
A
  1. Direct contact with scabs
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16
Q
  1. Is Orf a DNA or RNA virus?
A
  1. Double-stranded DNA
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17
Q
  1. What are the clinical signs of Orf in animals?
A
  1. Encrustations on lips, nostrils, mucus membranes of oral cavity and urogenital orifices
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18
Q
  1. What are the clinical signs of Orf in humans?
A
  1. Solitary lesion (sometimes multiple) on hands, arms, or face
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19
Q
  1. Are the hemorrhagic fever viruses (Flaviviruses, Marburg, Ebola, Hantavirus) RNA or DNA viruses?
A

RNA

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20
Q
  1. Is simian hemorrhagic fever zoonotic?
A

No

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21
Q
  1. Flaviviruses (Yellow fever, Dengue) are transmitted by which mosquitoes of which genus?
A

Aedes

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22
Q
  1. African monkeys usually develop a mild form of yellow fever. What are the clinical signs for New World monkeys (NWM)?
A
  1. Fever, vomiting, anorexia, yellow to green urine, icterus, albuminuria
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23
Q
  1. What are the eosinophilic, intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in necrotic hepatocytes called?
A

Councilman bodies

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24
Q
  1. Which NHP diseases are reportable to the CDC?
A
  1. Yellow fever, Marburg, monkeypox, Ebola
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25
Q
  1. What is the genus of the Marburg virus (Vervet Monkey Disease)?
A

Filovirus

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26
Q
  1. How do NHPs fare when experimentally infected with Marburg?
A

100% fatal in African green monkeys

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27
Q
  1. What is the genus for the Ebola virus?
A

Filovirus

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28
Q
  1. What is the leading reservoir candidate for Ebola?
A

Bats

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29
Q
  1. What is the mode of transmission for Ebola?
A
  1. Direct contact with humans or animals shedding the organism
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30
Q
  1. What are the clinical signs in the monkey for Ebola zaire or Ebola sudan?
A
  1. Febrile, debilitating illness with viremia, tissue necrosis, effusions, coagulopathy, hemorrhage, death
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31
Q
  1. What are the clinical signs in humans?
A
  1. Similar to NHPs with fever, chills, headache, myalgia, anorexia, vomiting, abdominal pain, sore throat, bloody diarrhea
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32
Q
  1. What are the clinical signs in monkeys infected with Ebola reston?
A
  1. Hemorrhagic disease involving multiple organ systems, death in 8-14 days
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33
Q
  1. The genus Hantavirus is in what family?
A

Bunyaviridae

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34
Q
  1. Name the two clinical disease syndromes associated with Hantavirus infection.
A
  1. Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, pulmonary syndrome
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35
Q
  1. How is Hanatvirus transmitted?
A

Infectious aerosols

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36
Q
  1. What nonrodent animal may serve as a potential reservoir for Hantavirus?
A

Cats

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37
Q
  1. What is the only mouse virus that affects humans?
A

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis

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38
Q
  1. How is LCMV transmitted to humans?
A
  1. Airborne, close contact, cell lines
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39
Q
  1. How is LCMV transmitted between rodents?
A

in utero

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40
Q
  1. What are the clinical signs of LCMV in humans?
A
  1. Fever, myalgia, headache, malaise
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41
Q

Macacine herpesvirus 1 persists where in the macaque’s body?

A
  1. Trigeminal and genital ganglia
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42
Q
  1. T or F: Human to human transmission of B virus can occur?
A

True

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43
Q
  1. What is the incubation period for B virus?
A
  1. 2 days to 5 weeks and up to 10 years
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44
Q
  1. What are the family and genus of the rabies virus?
A
  1. Family Rhabdoviridae, genus Lyssavirus
45
Q
  1. Can wild-caught groundhogs and rabbits transmit rabies?
A

Yes

46
Q
  1. Which hepatitis virus has significant zoonotic potential?
A

Hepatitis A

47
Q
  1. Simian Immunodeficiency Virus infects OWM or NWM?
A

OWM

48
Q
  1. How is SIV transmitted?
A

Horizontally and vertically

49
Q
  1. What type of virus is SIV?
A

Lentivirus

50
Q
  1. Foamy viruses (retroviruses) have been isolated from NWM or OWM?
A

Both OWM and NWM

51
Q
  1. What is the genus for the measles virus?
A

Morbillivirus

52
Q
  1. Does the measles infect NWM or OWM?
A

Both, OWM, NWM

53
Q
  1. What is the reservoir for measles virus?
A

Humans

54
Q
  1. What is the incubation period for measles virus in humans and NHPs?
A

10 days

55
Q
  1. What are the spots on the buccal mucosa called with measles virus?
A

Koplik’s spots

56
Q
  1. How do domestic birds become infected with Newcastle disease?
A

By wild birds

57
Q
  1. What is the important means of transmission to humans for Newcastle disease?
A

aerosol

58
Q
  1. What are the clinical signs of Newcastle disease in humans?
A
  1. Follicular conjunctivitis, fever, cough, pneumonia
59
Q
  1. What is the reservoir for influenza?
A

Humans

60
Q
  1. What animal is very susceptible to the flu?
A

ferrets

61
Q
  1. What is the murine typhus agent?
A

Rickettsia typhi

62
Q
  1. What is the vector for Rickettsia typhi
A

flea

63
Q
  1. What is the newly recognized vector which presents an increased risk of transmission to laboratory animal facility personnel?
A
  1. Cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis)
64
Q
  1. Which mite transmits rickettsial pox?
A
  1. Liponyssoides (Allodermanyssus) sanguineus
65
Q
  1. Coxiella burnetti mainly infects which animals?
A

Sheep, goats, and cattle

66
Q
  1. What are the clinical signs of Q fever in humans?
A
  1. Fever, frontal headache, retro-orbital pain, chest pain, cough, pneumonia, hepatitis, nephritis, epicarditis, endocarditis
67
Q
  1. Animals with Q fever should be kept under what safety level?
A

ABSL-3

68
Q
  1. Should humans with C. burnetti titers be vaccinated?
A

No

69
Q
  1. T or F: Chlamydial agents may occur naturally in animal species other than birds?
A

True

70
Q
  1. What is the revised name for Chlamydia psittaci?
A

Chlamydophilia psittaci

71
Q
  1. What is the mode of transmission for Chlamydophilia psittaci?
A
  1. Direct contact or aerosolized infectious material present from exudates, secretions, and desiccated fecal material
72
Q
  1. What are the diagnostic tests for C. psittaci?
A
  1. Complement fixation serology, fecal ELISA, inclusion bodies in tissues, organism isolation
73
Q

Which animals are responsible for 90% of recorded bites in the US?

A

Dogs and cats

74
Q

Which are the common organisms isolated from dog bites?

A

Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., anaerobes, Pasteurella multocida

75
Q

Name 5 organisms isolated from rat bites.

A

Leptospira interrogans, Pasteurella multocida, Staphylococcus spp., Streptobacillus moniliformis, Spirillum minus

76
Q
  1. Haverhill fever is associated with which organism?
A

Streptobacillus moniliformis

77
Q
  1. Organism responsible for cat scratch fever
A

Bartonella henselae

78
Q
  1. How is Bartonella henselae shed?
A

In flea feces; scratched into traumatized skin

79
Q
  1. How susceptible are humans to Brucella canis?
A

Humans are relatively resistant

80
Q

82.Name the primary plague reservoirs in the western US

A

Sciurid rodents: rock squirrels, California ground squirrels, chipmunks, prairie dogs

81
Q

83.How is plague transmitted to humans?

A

Flea bite, skin abrasion, aerosol

82
Q

84.Wild rats normally carry which species of Leptospira?

A

L. icterohaemorrhagiae

83
Q

85.Which Campylobacter species are the leading causes of human diarrhea?

A

Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli

84
Q

86.Which Helicobacter species causes enteric helicobacteriosis, is primarily recovered from immunocompromised individuals, and is carried by hamsters?

A

Helicobacter cinaedi

85
Q

87.The Helicobacter species found in dogs is what?

A

H. bizzozeronii

86
Q

88.What treatments are used for gastric helicobacter infections?

A

Bismuth subsalicylate, amoxicillin, tetracycline, metronidazole

87
Q

89.Salmonella isolates are now classified under which species, even though it is usually dropped in favor of the serotype?

A

S. choleraesuis

88
Q

90.Which animals are particularly dangerous sources of Salmonella?

A

Birds, reptiles, chicks, ducklings

89
Q

91.T or F: Salmonella readily disintegrates in feces?

A

F, survives for months in feces

90
Q

92.Which are the most common species of Shigella in NHPs?

A

Shigella flexneri, sonnei, dysenteriae

91
Q

93.What is the main reservoir for Shigella?

A

Humans

92
Q

94.What are the three most common species of Mycobacterium?

A

Mycobacterium bovis, avium, tuberculosis

93
Q

95.Which are more susceptible to M. tuberculosis: OWM or NWM?

A

OWM

94
Q

96.What is the tuberculosis vaccine called and why is it not always used?

A

Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) elicits a positive tb test

95
Q

97.Name three types of dermatophytes and from which animals they are most commonly isolated?

A

Microsporum canis – dogs and cats, Trichophyton verrucosum – livestock, Trichophyton mentagrophytes – lab rodents

96
Q

98.Amebiasis is caused by which protozoan parasite?

A

Entamoeba histolytica

97
Q

99.Do normal water-purification chlorine levels destroy Entamoeba cysts?

A

No

98
Q

100.Balantidium coli is common in which domestic animal?

A

Domestic swine

99
Q

101.Which Cryptosporidium species is considered a human pathogen?

A

Cryptosporidium parvum

100
Q

102.What is prominent in cryptosporidial oocysts?

A

black dot

101
Q
  1. Human giardiasis is caused by which protozoan parasite?
A

Giardia lamblia

102
Q

104.T or F: There are only a couple of mammals that can be intermediate hosts for Toxoplasma gondii?

A

F – hundreds of species

103
Q

105.What problems are most apparent in congenital toxoplasmosis ?

A

Neuropathological

104
Q

106.Oocysts are shed by a cat for approximately how long?

A

Under three weeks

105
Q

107.Rodentolepis nana (formerly Hymenolepis nana) is a common parasite of which pest?

A

House mouse

106
Q

108.Zoonotic helminth carried by raccoons?

A

Baylisascaris procyonis

107
Q

109.What needs to be taken into consideration when treating for Liponyssus baconti (formerly Ornithonyssus bacoti)?

A

Environmental treatment with appropriate insecticides

108
Q

110.Scientific name of the brown dog tick that readily infests kennels and vivaria?

A

Rhipicephalus sanguineus

Biohazards & Zoonoses (6 decks)

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