bb ch 40, 41, 43 - quiz 2 Flashcards
What is the main artery for the body?
Aorta
What does the aorta turn into?
Ascending aorta then arches posterior and left to create aortic arch
What are the branches of the aortic arch? Include subdivisions
Left common carotid a.
Left subclavian a.
Brachiocephalic trunk
-right common carotid a.
-right subclavian a.
What area do the subclavian arteries supply?
The upper limbs
What area do the common carotid arteries supply?
Head and neck
What happens to the aortic arch after it gives off branches?
It ends as the descending aorta in the thorax and abdomen
Where do the right and left subclavian arteries branch off of? Where do they course?
Right - Brachiocephalic trunk
Left - aortic arch
Through the throax/neck to upper limb
What are the branches of the subclavian artery?
Vertebral a.
Internal mammary (thoracic) a.
Thyrocervical a.
Costocervical a.
What does the subclavian artery turn into and specifically where?
The axillary a.
Lateral border of first rib
Where does the axillary a. start and then course?
Lateral border of first rib
Through axilla
How many parts is the axillary a. divided into and by what?
3
Pec minor
Answer the following about the FIRST part of the axillary a.
Where does the part begin and end?
How many branches? Name them.
What do they supply?
Between the lateral border of the first rib and superomedial border of pec minor
1 - highest (supreme) thoracic a.
First 2 intercostal spaces
Answer the following about the SECOND part of the axillary a.
Where does the part begin and end?
How many branches? Name them.
What do they supply?
Posterior to pec minor
2
thoracoacromial trunk - above pec minor, has four branches:
-pectoral / supplies pec major and minor
- clavicular / supplies subclavius and sternoclav. jt.
-acromial / acromion process
-deltoid / deltoid and pec major
lateral thoracic a. - along inferolateral border of pec minor to lateral thoracic wall with long thoracic nerve, supplies lateral thoracic wall, breast
Answer the following about the THIRD part of the axillary a.
Where does the part begin and end?
How many branches? Name them.
What do they supply?
Between inferolateral border of pec minor and inferior border of teres major
3
Subscapular artery - 2 branches:
-thoracodorsal a. / supplies lat. dorsi with thoracodorsal n.
-circumflex scapular artery / posterior thru triangle space of shoulder, around lateral border of scalp, into infraspinous fossa deep to infraspinatus muscle
Anterior circumflex a. - anterior around surgical neck of humerus, supplies adjacent muscles, and ends by anastomosing with posterior circumflex humeral a.
Posterior circumflex humeral a. - posterior thru quad space of shoulder with axillary n., posterior around humeral surgical neck deep to deltoid and supplies surrounding muscles
Be able to draw the brachial plexus. What are the subcategories from left to right?
Root
Trunk
Division
Cord
Branch of nerve
Where does the nerve of the brachial plexus originate, course, and supply?
DORSAL SCAPULAR N.
C5
Deep to levator scapula and deep surface of rhomboids
Supplies rhomboid major and minor
Where does the nerve of the brachial plexus originate, course, and supply?
LONG THORACIC N.
From C5-7
Posterior to axillary a. and on external surface of serratus anterior
Supplies serratus anterior
Where does the nerve of the brachial plexus originate, course, and supply?
NERVE TO SUBCLAVIUS
From upper trunk
Descends posteriorly to clavicle, ending at subclavius muscle
Supplies subclavius
Where does the nerve of the brachial plexus originate, course, and supply?
SUPRASCAPULAR N.
From upper trunk
Lateral and posterior thru suprascapular notch and into supraspinous fossa, SUPPLIES supraspinatus, around spine of scapula and into infraspinous fossa, SUPPLIES infraspinatus
Where does the nerve of the brachial plexus originate, course, and supply?
LATERAL PECTORAL N.
From lateral cord
Through fascia above pec minor into deep surface of pec major
Supplies pec major
Where does the nerve of the brachial plexus originate, course, and supply?
MEDIAL PECTORAL N.
From medial cord
Pierces pec minor and through deep surface of pec major
Supplies pec minor and major
Where does the nerve of the brachial plexus originate, course, and supply?
MEDIAL BRACHIAL CUTANEOUS N.
From medial cord
Descend below mid arm, pierce fascia
Supplies skin on medial arm
Where does the nerve of the brachial plexus originate, course, and supply?
MEDIAL ANTEBRACHIAL CUTANEOUS N.
From medial cord
Descends below mid arm, pierces fascia
Supplies skin on medial forearm
Where does the nerve of the brachial plexus originate, course, and supply?
UPPER SUBSCAPULAR N.
From posterior cord
Goes into and supplies subscapularis
Where does the nerve of the brachial plexus originate, course, and supply?
THORACODORSAL N.
From posterior cord
Goes inferior and posterior to deep surface of lat. dorsi
Supplies lat. dorsi
Where does the nerve of the brachial plexus originate, course, and supply?
LOWER SUBSCAPULAR N.
From posterior cord
Over anterior surface of subscapularis and divides into two branches
One supplies subscapularis
One supplies teres major
Where does the nerve of the brachial plexus originate, course, and supply?
AXILLARY N.
From posterior cord
Goes inferior through quad space of shoulder, media, to surgical neck of humerus
Supplies teres minor and deltoid
What is the Musculocutaneous nerve a continuation of?
Lateral cord after lateral root to median nerve
What is then ulnar nerve a continuation of?
Medial cord after medial root to median nerve
What is radial nerve a continuation of?
Posterior cord after axillary nerve
What branches of the brachial plexus is the median nerve made of?
Lateral and medial roots of median nerve
Be able to draw a cross section of the arm. What are the compartments, and which muscles belong to each?
Anterior, medial, and posterior compartments
A: biceps, coracobrachialis, brachialis
P: triceps
What is the origin of biceps brachii?
Short head: coracoid process of scapula
Long head: supraglenoid tubercle
What is the insertion of biceps brachii?
Radial tuberosity
Bicipital aponeurosis (lacerfus fibrosis)
What is the action of biceps brachii?
Flex forearm at elbow
Supinate forearm at radio ulnar joint
What is the innervation of biceps brachii?
Musculocutaneous nerve
What is the origin of coracobrachialis?
Coracoid process of scapula
What is the insertion of coracobrachialis?
Medial border of humerus, middle third
What is the action of coracobrachialis?
Flex arm at shoulder
What is the innervation of coracobrachialis?
Musculocutaneous nerve
What is the origin of brachialis?
Anterior distal humerus
What is the insertion of brachialis?
Ulnar tuberosity
Coronoid process of ulna
What is the action of brachialis?
Flex forearm at elbow
What is the innervation of brachialis?
Musculocutaneous nerve
What is the origin of triceps brachii?
Long head: infraglenoid tubercle
Lateral head: posterior humerus above radial nerve
Medial head: posterior humerus below radial nerve
What is the insertion of triceps brachii?
Olecranon process of ulna
What is the action of triceps brachii?
Extension of forearm at elbow
What is the innervation of triceps brachii?
Radial nerve
What muscles are antagonists in the arm?
Biceps and triceps
Which two muscles of the arm serve to flex the forearm at elbow?
Brachialis and biceps
Which muscles of the arm share an innervation of musclocutaneous nerve?
Biceps, coracobrachialis, brachialis
Which two muscles of the arm both originate from the coracoid process of the scapula?
Coracobrachialis and short head biceps
