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gross anatomy DPT > bb ch 37-39 - quiz 2 > Flashcards

bb ch 37-39 - quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the main artery in the body? Where does it carry blood?

A

Aorta
From the heart to the body

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2
Q

what is the first vessel(s) to come off of the aorta? Then what does it continue as?

A

The ascending aorta
Arches left and posterior to become aortic arch

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3
Q

what is the first vessel(s) to come off of the aorta? Then what does it continue as?

A

The ascending aorta
Arches left and posterior to become aortic arch

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4
Q

How many branches come off the aorta arch and what are their names as well as subdivisions if applicable.

A

3 branches

Brachiocephalic trunk > right common carotid a and right subclavian a

Left common carotid

Left subclavian

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5
Q

What do the subclavian arteries supply?

A

The upper limbs

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6
Q

What do the common carotid arteries supply?

A

The head and neck

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7
Q

How does the aortic arch end?

A

Becoming the descending aorta and course inferiority through abdomen and thorax

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8
Q

Where do both the right and left subclavian arteries branch from?

A

Right is from brachiocephalic trunk

Left is from aortic arch

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9
Q

How many branches are there of the subclavian artery? Name them and their subdivisions if applicable.

A

4

Vertebral artery
Internal mammary artery (internal thoracic a.)
Thyrocervical trunk
Costocervical trunk

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10
Q

Where does the subclavian artery terminate? What does it become at this point?

A

Terminates at the lateral border of the first rib

It becomes the axillary artery

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11
Q

The axillary artery is divided into sections by a muscle.

Which muscle?
How many parts? Describe.

A

Pectoralis minor

3 parts

1st part - between lateral border of first rib and superomedial border of pec minor
2nd part - posterior to pecs minor
3rd part - between inferolateral border of pec minor and inferior border of teres major

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12
Q

Where does the axillary artery terminate? What does it continue as?

A

Inferior border of teres major

Brachial artery

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13
Q

How many branches are there of the axillary artery? Name them and their subdivisions if applicable.

A

6 branches

1st part
Highest (supreme) thoracic a.

2nd part
Thoracoacromial trunk
Lateral thoracic a.

3rd part
Subscapular a.
Anterior circumflex humeral artery
Posterior circumflex humeral artery

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14
Q

What does the highest thoracic artery supply?

A

First 2 intercostal spaces

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15
Q

Where does the thoracoacromial trunk pass? What are its branches? Where does each branch course?

A

It passes above pectoralis minor

It has four branches

Clavicular branch courses subclavius muscle and sternoclavicular joint

Pectoral branch courses to pectoralis major and minor muscles

Acromial branch courses to the acromion process

Deltoid branch courses to the deltoid and pectoralis major

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16
Q

Where does the lateral thoracic artery course? Which nerve does it course with and what does it supply?

A

It courses along the inferolateral border of pectoralis minor to the lateral thoracic wall wall

A courses with the long thoracic nerve

It supplies, lateral thoracic wall and breast

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17
Q

How many branches does the subscapular artery have? Name their subdivisions if applicable.

A

2 branches

Thoracodorsal a. with thoracodorsal n. to latissimus dorsi

Circumflex scapular artery - triangle space of shldr around lat border of scapula, deep to infraspinatus

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18
Q

Where does the anterior circumflex humeral artery course and end, and how?

A

Anteriorly around surgical neck of humerus

Anastomoses with posterior circumflex humeral artery

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19
Q

Where does the posterior circumflex humeral artery course, with what, where does it end, and how?

A

Posterior through quad space of shoulder, winds posterior around surgical neck of humerus deep to deltoid

Courses with axillary nerve in quad space

Ends by anastomosing with anterior circumflex humeral artery

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20
Q

What initially forms the brachial plexus, be specific

A

Ventral rami of c5-t1

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21
Q

How is the brachial plexus grouped from beginning to end?

A

Ventral Rami —> trunk —> division —> cord —> nerve

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22
Q

What are the trunks and what forms each one?

A

Upper trunk - C5-6
Middle trunk - C7
Lower trunk - C8-T1

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23
Q

What are the divisions if the brachial plexus and where do they go?

A

Anterior and posterior division

Anterior division of upper and middle trunk create the lateral cord
Anterior division of lower trunk creates the medial cord
All posterior divisions create the posterior cord

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24
Q

How many nerves does the brachial plexus give off? Name them

A

12

Dorsal scapular nerve
Long thoracic nerve
Axillary nerve
Lateral pectoral nerve
Medial pectoral nerve
Nerve to subclavius
Suprascapular nerve
Medial brachial cutaneous nerve
Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve
Upper subscapular nerve
Lower subscapular nerve
Thoracodorsal nerve

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25
Q

Origin, course , and innervation of this nerve:

DORSAL SCAPULAR NERVE

A

Origin: ventral ramus of C5
Courses deep to levator scapulae and enters deep surface of rhomboids,
Supplies: rhomboid major and minor

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26
Q

Origin, course , and innervation of this nerve:

LONG THORACIC NERVE

A

Origin: ventral rami of C5-7
Courses posterior to axillary artery and on external surface of serratus anterior
Supplies serratus anterior

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27
Q

Origin, course , and innervation of this nerve:

NERVE TO SUBCLAVIUS

A

Origin: upper trunk
Courses posterior to clavicle
Supplies subclavius

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28
Q

Origin, course , and innervation of this nerve:

SUPRASCAPULAR NERVE

A

Origin: upper trunk
Courses lateral and posterior through superspinous fossa and innervate supraspinatus, then round spine of scapula and enters infraspinous process to innervate infraspinatus
Supplies supraspinatus and infraspinatus

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29
Q

Origin, course , and innervation of this nerve:

LATERAL PECTORAL NERVE

A

Origin: lateral cord
Courses through fascia above pec minor into deep surface of pec major
Supplies pec major

30
Q

Origin, course , and innervation of this nerve:

MEDIAL PECTORAL NERVE

A

Origin: medial cord
Pierces pec minor and through deep surface of pec major
Supplies pec major and minor

31
Q

Origin, course , and innervation of this nerve:

MEDIAL BRACHIAL CUTANEOUS NERVE

A

Origin: medial cord
Descends below middle of arm and pierces fascia
Supplies skin on medial arm

32
Q

Origin, course , and innervation of this nerve:

MEDIAL ANTEBRACHIAL CUTANEOUS NERVE

A

Origin: medial cord
Descends below middle of arm and pierces the fascia
Supplies skin on the medial forearm

33
Q

Origin, course , and innervation of this nerve:

LOWER SUBSCAPULAR NERVE

A

Origin: posterior cord
Courses over anterior surface of subscapularis and divided into two branches, one supplies subscapularis and one supplies teres major

34
Q

Origin, course , and innervation of this nerve:

UPPER SUBSCAPULAR NERVE

A

Origin: posterior cord
Courses into subscapularis
Supplies subscapularis

35
Q

Origin, course , and innervation of this nerve:

THORACODORSAL NERVE

A

Origin: posterior cord
Courses inferior and posterior to deep surface of lat dorsi
Supplies latissimus dorsi

36
Q

Origin, course , and innervation of this nerve:

AXILLARY NERVE

A

Origin: posterior cord
Courses inferior thru quad space of shoulder, medial to surgical neck of humerus
Supplies teres minor and deltoid

37
Q

MUSCULOCUTANEOUS NERVE is a continuation of…

A

Lateral cord after lateral root to median nerve is given off

38
Q

MEDIAN NERVE is derived from…

A

Lateral and medial roots of median nerve

39
Q

ULNAR NERVE is a continuation of…

A

Medial cord after medial root to median nerve is given off

40
Q

RADIAL NERVE is a continuation of…

A

Posterior cord after the axillary nerve is given off

41
Q

What are the components of the cross section view of the arm?

A

Anterior compartment
Posterior compartment
Medial compartment

Lateral intermuscular septum
Anterior lamina of the medial intermuscular septum
Posterior lamina of the medial intermuscular septum

42
Q

What are the compartments of the arm and what muscles are in each?

A

Medial - no muscles

Anterior - biceps brachii, coracobrachalis, brachialis

Posterior - triceps brachii

43
Q

What is the origin of biceps brachii?

A

Short head - coracoid process of scapula
Long head - supraglenoid tubercle

44
Q

What is the insertion of biceps brachii?

A

Bicipital aponeurosis
Radial tuberosity

45
Q

What is the innervation of biceps brachii?

A

Musculocutaneous n

46
Q

What is the action of biceps brachii?

A

Flex forearm at elbow
Supinate forearm at radioulnar joint

47
Q

What is the origin of coracobrachialis?

A

Coracoid process of the scapula

48
Q

What is the insertion of coracobrachialis?

A

Medial border of humerus, middle third

49
Q

What is the action of coracobrachialis?

A

Flex arm at shoulder

50
Q

What is the innervation of coracobrachialis?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

51
Q

What is the origin of brachialis?

A

Anterior distal humerus

52
Q

What is the insertion of brachialis?

A

Ulnar tuberosity
Coronoid process of ulna

53
Q

What is the action of brachialis?

A

Flex forearm at elbow

54
Q

What is the innervation of brachialis?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

55
Q

What is the origin of triceps brachii?

A

Long head - infraglenoid tubercle
Lateral head - posterior humerus above radial nerve
Medial head - posterior humerus below the radial nerve

56
Q

What is the insertion of the triceps?

A

Olecranon process of ulna

57
Q

What is the action of the triceps?

A

Extend forearm at elbow

58
Q

What is the innervation of the triceps?

A

Radial nerve

59
Q

What are the primary nerves of the UE?

A

Musculocutaneous n.
Median n.
Ulnar n.
Radial n.

60
Q

Musculocutaneous nerve:

What cord of brachial plexus?
What does it pierce?
Where does it course?
What does it turn into? What does that supply?
What muscles does it innervate?

A

Lateral cord
Coracobrachialis
Anterior compartment of arm between biceps and brachialis
Turns into lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve near biceps tendon. Supplies skin of lateral forearm
Coracobrachialis, brachialis, biceps brachii

61
Q

Median nerve:

What cord of brachial plexus?
Where does it course?
What does it innervate?

A

Lateral and medial root of median nerve, lateral and medial cords
Medial compartment of arm
No innervation

62
Q

Ulnar nerve:

What cord of brachial plexus?
What does it pierce?
Where does it course?
What does it innervate?

A

Medial cord
Pierces posterior lamina of medial intermuscular septum as it passes from medial to posterior compartment
Courses medial compartment to posterior, then posterior to medial epicondyle with superior ulnar collateral artery
No innervation

63
Q

Radial nerve:

What cord of brachial plexus?
What does it pierce?
Where does it course?
What does it course with ?
What muscles does it innervate?

A

Posterior
Lateral intermuscular septum as it passes from posterior to anterior compartment
Courses medial to lateral behind humerus in posterior compartment and into anterior compartment. Passes through lateral cubital fossa
It courses through the triangular interval of the shoulder with profunda brachii artery
Innervate triceps

64
Q

Where does axillary artery become brachial artery?

A

Distal to inferior border of teres major

65
Q

Where does the brachial artery course and what are its branches?

A

Descends through medial compartment of arm with median and ulnar nerves

3 branches
Profunda brachii artery
Superior ulnar collateral artery
Inferior ulnar collateral artery

66
Q

Profunda brachii artery:

Where does it arise?
Where does it course?
What are its branches?

A

Arises from brachial artery just distal to teres major
Posterior to humerus courses with radial n. in triangular interval of shoulder
At lateral humerus, it divides into radial collateral and middle collateral arteries

67
Q

Superior ulnar collateral artery:

Where does it arise?
Where does it course?

A

From brachial artery at midpoint
Courses with ulnar nerve, posterior to medial epicondyle

68
Q

Inferior ulnar collateral artery:

Where does it arise?
Where does it course?

A

From brachial artery just proximal to elbow
Courses anterior to medial epicondyle

69
Q

What do the branches of the brachial artery supply? Where does it course after the branches are given off?

A

Arm muscles and collateral circulation in elbow region

Distal thru arm to cubital fossa where it is lateral to median nerve and medial to biceps tendon

70
Q

Where does the brachial artery terminate and into what branches?

A

Cubital fossa

Radial and ulnar arteries

71
Q

What are the boundaries of the cubital fossa?

A

Lateral: brachioradialis
Medial: pronator teres
Superior: imaginary line between humeral epicondyles
Floor: supinator and brachialis muscles

72
Q

Contents of cubital fossa (lateral to medial)

A

Radial nerve and terminal branches
Tendon of biceps brachii
Brachial artery and terminal branches
Median nerve

gross anatomy DPT (5 decks)

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