Battles and Rebellions Flashcards
When the king ordered for men for battle how many were sent?
out of every 5 hide of land 1 man had to be sent
What was the military service called?
the fyrd
What did the select fyrd gather men for?
to fight anywhere in England for the King
What did the general fyrd gather men for?
To fight locally
Which men fought for the select fyrd?
Thegns and men they picked out
What did the thegns possess whilst in army?
Cavalry
Weapons
Armour
What was the period of time that these men could fight in battle and why was it set out?
It was 40 days. Because there farms and crops could become damaged if the men were away for too long especially at harvest time
Who rebelled against the Earl of Northumbria, Tostig Godwinson?
local thegns
Why did King Edward the confessor not respond to this attack by fighting the earls?
Because the earls (including Tostig’s brother Harold) advised against it
Why did the thegns rebel against Earl Tostig?
Northumbria was taxed too heavily by Tostig
He didn’t defend Northumbria from Scottish attacks as he was friends with the King of Scotland
He was unfair: imposed new laws to help him get rid of his rivals, He pretended people have committed crimes in order to take money from them
Ordered the death of some of his rivals (that were highly born)
He was a Southerner ruling a land of Northern People which has always been led by Notherners and people resented this
When did the battles of Gate Fulford and Stamford bridge take place?
in 1066
How many Vikings and warships were brought by Harold Hardrada on his attack to England (in Gate Fulford and Stamford bridge)
200-300 warships and around 10,000 vikings
Who did Harold Hardrada and Tostig epically defeat at Gate Fulford?
Edwin and Morcar
Why did Edwin and Morcar loose at Gate Fulford?
they were outnumbered 2 men to 3 men
Hardrada had a good technique. Put Tostig’s less experienced men at one wing then when the English went for them he’d hit them from the side with his experienced shoulders
Edwin and Morcar positioned their army with marshland behind them so they couldn’t fleed back
What did Harold do when he found out the proceedings of what had happened at Gate Fulford?
He marched his fyrd quickly up to the North to give him the element of surprise at Stamford Bridge
Who won the battle at Stamford bridge?
Tostig and Hardrada were defeated by Harold Godwinson at Stamford bridge where they were both slain
What events happened following Stamford bridge?
William of Normandy and his knights sailed up to England.
What was the name of the battle in which Harold Godwinson fought William of Normandy in?
Battle of Hastings
What was the main reason that was believed to be the main cause of William’s victory?
Harold’s men were tired out and (some had been killed) from Stamford Bridge.
Which earls did not join Harold Hardrada in battle at Hastings?
Edwin and Morcar for some unknown reason did not lead his men into battle at Stamford Bridge
What were the features of Norman knights?
Norman knights were on horses and have armoury kite shaped shaped shield, have swords lance also javelin, saddles meant knights were more balanced
what were the features of anglo saxon knights?
had round shields and axes, have helmets, wear armour made of chain
Why did William win the the battle of Hasting?
Harolds men had had been weakened by the battle.Harold positioned his men at the top of a hill where they made a shield wall. At first William’s men did not manage to break it as their archers lost arrow power due to the uphill conditions and the horses were tired out so were unable to march at and break the shield wall. However William then told his men to pretend to fled the battle so that Harold’s more undisciplined men ran after them where they would be slain and the shield wall would break. This worked and led to William’s victory
Where did the earls submit to William in 1066?
At Berkhamstead where he was met by Edgar Aethling and the leading men of London (Edwin, Morcar, and archbishop Aeldred
