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AVECCTN 2025 > Battaglia/Steele > Flashcards

Battaglia/Steele Flashcards

1
Q

3 types of monitoring in E/CC setting

A

hands-on, clinicopathologic, device-based

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2
Q

PE includes

A

inspection, palpation, auscultation, percussion, olfaction, temperature

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3
Q

abdominal palpation

A

1: cranial-dorsal
2: cranial-ventral
3: mid-dorsal
4: mid-ventral
5: caudal-dorsal
6: caudal-ventral

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4
Q

pulse pressure

A

systolic-diastolic

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5
Q

pulse deficit

A

heart isn’t able to pump enough blood
EX: DCM, a-fib, premature arrhythmias

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6
Q

bounding pulses

A

compensatory shock

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7
Q

weak/thready pulses

A

poor cardiac output, hypovolemia, tachycardia, arrhythmias

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8
Q

how to use a stethoscope

A

bell: light contact - low frequency
diaphragm: firm contact - high frequency

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9
Q

percussion

A

air: hollow
fluid:: dull/flat

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10
Q

maximum amount of blood to draw per week

A

5 - 7% blood volume (Casal & Bentz, 2018)

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11
Q

rate of glucose metabolism per hour when plasma remains in contact with rbcs

A

5-10% per hour

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12
Q

cause of lipemic samples

A

recent meal
panc
DM
hypothyroid
lipid disorders

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13
Q

cause of icteric samples

A

liver disease or hemolytic anemia

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14
Q

cause of hemolysis

A

poro sampling technique
IV hemolysis (hemolytic anemia)

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15
Q

MCV

A

mean corpuscular volume: volume of the average RBC

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16
Q

role of plasma proteins

A

transportation, coagulation, immune protection, oncotic pressure

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17
Q

interpret the following with high PCV
normal TS
low TS
high TS

A

-splenic contraction/breed normal

protein loss or decreased RBC production with splenic contraction and dehydration (AHDS)

dehydration

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18
Q

interpret the following with low PCV
normal TS
low TS
high TS

A

anemia from RBC destruction or dec production

blood loss or dilution

protein over production and anemia (bone marrow diseases, FIP)

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19
Q

interpret the following with normal PCV
low TS
high TS

A

decreased protein production or loss from GIT/Urinary

dehydration + anemia or increased globulin production (FiP/infectious dx)

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20
Q

perform a blood smear evaluation

A

low power scan: clumping at feathered edge
x40: monolayer: estimate WBC (1 field x 1600)
x100: platelet count (x 15000)

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21
Q

determine venous vs arterial stick

A

PCO2: venous&raquo_space; arterial
PO2: venous &laquo_space;arterial

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22
Q

PaO2

A

how well blood is oxygenating, how well lungs and pulmonary circulation are functioning

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23
Q

PaCO2

A

indicator of ventilation

24
Q

HCO3

A

major buffer

25
Q

BE

A

amount of base above or below the normal buffer level
Base deficit (neg) how many units of base are needed to return to neutral
base excess (pos)

26
Q

steps of a blood gas

A

1) pH
2) HCO3/BE
3) PaCO2

27
Q

expected aO2

28
Q

PaOO2 < 60 - 80 mmHg

A

mild to severe hypoxmia

29
Q

COP

A

colloid osmotic pressure

30
Q

Type A lactic acidosis

A

tissue hypoxia, poor perfusion, shock

31
Q

Type B lactic acidosis

A

1) systemic illness
2) drugs/toxins
3) hereditary
4) misc.

32
Q

Coagulation tests

A

ACT
BMBT
manual platelet counts
PT/aPTT

33
Q

Primary hemostasis

A

relates to platelet or vessel dissorders
measured by BMBT and plt count
ex: VWd, thrombocytopenia, thrombocytopathia, vasculopathies
platelet adhesion, activation, aggregation

34
Q

secondary hemostasis

A

coagulation cascade

35
Q

Pulse oximeter

A

transmittance type (clip)
reflectance type
92% = PaO2 60 mmHg

36
Q

Blood Pressure

A

direct
oscillometric
doppler: 1st systolic, change diastolic

37
Q

calculate MAP

A

DP + (SP-DP)/3

38
Q

EtCO2

A

alternative to PaCO2 (blood gas) and about 5mm less than arterial

39
Q

CVP

A

BP w/in R atrium (cranial or caudal VC)to assess for hopovolemia or at risk of volume overload
normal: 0-10 cm H2O
hypovolemia <normal

40
Q

goal placement of CVC

A

mid jugular to second rib space: cranial to right atrium

41
Q

hydration deficit formula

A

volume (mL) = dehydration (decimal) x kg x 1000

42
Q

maintenence fluid requirementrange

A

40-60 ml/kg/day

43
Q

storage lesions in blood produccts

A

no mitochondria = glycolosis for ATP production = lower pH
imapired RBC survival
reduced O2 carrying
proinflammatory and oxidative damage

44
Q

major XM

A

patient plasma, donor RBC

45
Q

minor XM

A

patient RBC, donor plasma

46
Q

dose of PPRBC

47
Q

dose of WB

48
Q

RBC dosing formula is known as PCV

A

90mL x (kg) x (goal PCV - patient PCV) / PCV

49
Q

RBC dosing formula, PCV 80%

A

2mL x PCV inc. x BW

50
Q

RBC dosing formula, PCV 60%

A

1.5ml x PCV inc. x BW

51
Q

WB dosing formula, PCV 45%

A

1ml x PCV inc. x BW

52
Q

blood filter size

A

170 - 260 micrometers

53
Q

Allergic reactions

A

Type 1 hypersensitivity (igE on mast cells degranulate and release histamine and leuktrienes)

54
Q

What does SBAR stand for?

A

SBAR stands for Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation.

55
Q

What does I-PASS stand for?

A

I-PASS stands for Introduction, Patient summary, Action list, Situation awareness/contingency planning, synthesis by receiver.

AVECCTN 2025 (8 decks)

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